Client Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Client Studies - Essay Example Or, it may be that sex itself, or lack of sex, is having a negative impact on ones relationships or general health. In addition, the organisation offers help with relationships where one or both partners are unhappy or are being hurt. In addition, help can be provided where a relationship has ended badly. Above all, the organisation offers help to anyone with worries about their sexuality.  Ã‚   The placement, which is situated in Wondsworth Borough in London, tends to provide services specific to the local community. The local population comprises many different ethnic groups, most notably Afro-Caribbean, Somali and Polish. Other counselling services share the Victorian terrace house, where the Albany Trust is located; this provides a dynamic and stimulating setting. The practice contains a waiting room with sitting facilities where clients wait to be met by an appointed therapist. Access to the practice is via an entry phone that is placed and accessed by the therapist in the waiting room. The consulting rooms are spacious and provide natural light, resulting in an environment that made me feel very comfortable. However, I realised that the only via starts access prevents us from seeing clients with disabilities or any other kinds of impediments. The client, Stephen, was self-referred and allocated to me after an assessment was made and a team, which included the practice manager, assessor and my supervisor, discussed my suitability for the case. Having discussed the case with my supervisor before meeting the client gave me the chance to explore my feelings and reactions towards the case. However, looking back on it now I possibly would have preferred not knowing as much about the clients case because in a way it prevented me from having a more open approach to the process with him, especially at the beginning of our therapeutic alliance. Stephen was offered open ending therapy, as he was seeking social benefits, and a low income fee of

Texas Roadhouse Wont Scrimp on Making Employees Happy Essay Example for Free

Texas Roadhouse Wont Scrimp on Making Employees Happy Essay 1. â€Å"If we take care of our employees, they will take care of our customers† is a common phrase. In your experience, is it actually practiced or is it just a clichà © on the wall? Discuss the implications of your answer. â€Å"If we take care of our employees, they will take care of our customers,† this quote mostly depends on the individual company and how they perceive their employees. Some companies realize that in order for them to succeed, they must invest in their employees, as employees are the key to a successful and highly profitable business. And in order for employees to remain motivated and continue to flourish, they need recognition, which is a basic human need, regardless of status or job type. Once employees have been acknowledged for their good performance, they feel more appreciated, and as a result will demonstrate greater levels of commitment and dedication. Thereby, producing top results for the company and treating its customers with royalty. During recessions some companies such as Texas Roadhouse, continue to demonstrate employee appreciation through employee gatherings, cash reward bonuses and annual company conferences, in which spouses are invited (Noe et al., 2011). Companies such as Texas Roadhouse and other companies are leaders who want to succeed in today’s competitive world, and they realize that even during hard economic times, there’s still the strong need to maintain programs which are aimed at recognizing employees for work place accomplishments. And when employees are truly happy and motivated, they will care for the customers and give their best. Even through our suffering economy, many other companies also continue to celebrate employee’s performance through various recognition programs such as, cash bonuses, flexible work hour schedules, award celebrations, gift cards, employee appreciation day, company cook-outs, discounted family membership incentives, floating days and many others. Finally, most good leaders appreciate what employees do for the company, and will try to find ways to show love and appreciation. 2. Texas Roadhouse uses money as a motivator for employees. In today’s economy, describe alternative methods that could be used to motivate their employees. Texas Roadhouse has traditionally been known for their generous cash bonuses in recognition of employee appreciation, such generosity included, cash bonuses ranging from $500.00 in fun money to $20,000 for best meat cutter (Noe et al., 2011). However, in today’s unstable economy, the smart business leader will find other ways to show love and appreciation for their employees. Texas Roadhouse managers realize that employees are its biggest contributing factor for success or failure, and will find other ways to motivate employees, even during such economic uncertainty. For many companies, non-cash recognition is still a very powerful motivator, and will still foster ways to attract and retain good employees. And even though money is always a great motivator, effective employee compensation goes beyond money, in terms of individual needs being met; such needs as psychological needs, which define human relationships and the importance of employees connecting with customers, coworkers and managers. Employees also need to feel that they are a part of a group that has achieved success (Armstrong., 2010). Texas Roadhouse could customize a flexible-hours plan that would cater to restaurant staff. And even though most employees wouldn’t necessarily have the luxury of working from home, they would still have Flexible work hours and would be given the freedom to switch time schedules with coworkers, possibly allowing them more balance between work and home-life, while demonstrating an established trust between manager and employee. With flexible work schedules, employees can leave earlier or come in later, rotate shifts, or readjust their work schedule to make it more conducive to their life-style (O’Toole et al., 2011). Another great non-cash employee incentive for Texas Roadhouse could be that of various trainings and self-developmental opportunities. Trainings are very informational and can benefit employees in many ways, as they promote excellent ways for companies to learn of their top talent, trainings will also also satisfy employees will skill deficiencies. Trainings show the employees that their employer supports career development and advancement. The various trainings will expound on existing skills by including missing tools such as, education, updated technological skills and will help promote the company’s vision for valued progress. Trainings such as employee leadership offer employees development and confidence in independent problem-solving. Texas Roadhouse could also utilize multiple customer service trainings, since they provide direct service to exterior customers. And in order for them to continue on a successful path, they must continue to find ways to teach and reteach their employees the values of world class standards and its quality to customer satisfaction. As employees are exposed to various training programs, their knowledge potential becomes greater, creating more valuable human capital to the company. 3. Discuss the possible effectiveness of each of your alternative methods. Regardless of the economy’s condition, a good leader is able to inspire and motivate its employees, as they understand that happy employees will result in the success of the business. Effective employees are a result of effective managers, and good managers reward employees for good performance through communication and various reward methods. Alternatively, non-cash rewards, such as trainings and flexible hour plans can promote happier, healthier and more motivated employees, which will lead to more productivity. A flexible hours plan can prove very effective, as this method allows employees the freedom to switch shifts, to rotate hours around the clock, or change the time of day in which the tasks will be completed. As employees are allowed this flexibility, there sense of responsibility and confidence increase, as trust and an honor system is established between the employee and the manager. Through the flexible hours plan, employees are less stressed, as they are finding more balance and time to fulfill family obligations as well, all resulting in increased employee productivity. Employee trainings may also prove to be a very effective means of motivating employees. Trainings provide many benefits, as they help to build employees skills and talents, they also can foster a greater team environment, thereby giving employees a wider range of support and comfort. Trainings and other developmental strategies can be a powerful tool, which can aid a struggling worker. Through various training sessions, employees gain problem-solving abilities, learn up-to date technology skills, and become less dependent on the manager. And finally, trainings can help manager’s spot top talent within the company. 4. Analyze how transferrable is the Texas Roadhouse way of motivating employees in other organizations. Texas Roadhouse way of motivating their employees through large cash bonuses and other annual motivational conferences are incentives, which are based on the individual managerial leadership style, and cannot be transferred to other organizations, as every leader exhibits a distinct leadership style. It is agreed that such large cash bonuses will create keen competition between employees, but each leader have their own intangibles or uniqueness, which is spelled out through their leadership strategies. And during an economic hardship, the leader may decide on future investments that would offer the employee various training sessions to build upon their existing skills and knowledge, thereby, offering the employee promotional opportunities which would increase the employees financial gain, as well as making an upgrade to the companies potential success. Leaders must also consider that different people are motivated by different things. While some employees may have financial goals, others may have professional or personal goals, and cash compensation can’t possibly fulfill all human needs. Finally, based on the needs of a company, a good leader will know what to do and how to go about planning in order to achieve a successful outcome. References Armstrong, M. (2010). Armstrong’s handbook of reward management practice. (3rd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Kogan Page Noe, R. A., Hollenbeck, J. R., Gerhart, B., Wright, P.M. (2011). Fundamentals of human resource management (4th ed.). New York, NY: MCGRAW-HILL. O’Toole, J., Lawler, E. (2007). The new American workplace. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.

Attitudes Towards Euthanasia | Literature Review

Attitudes Towards Euthanasia | Literature Review Introduction This literature review is based upon peoples attitudes towards Euthanasia, which comes from the Greek meaning good death and in English means the killing of one person by another to relieve the suffering of that person and Physician Assisted Suicide (PAS), which is described as; a medical professional aiding a person who is incapable of the act themselves to commit suicide, (NHS, 2010). For this literature review, a literature search was performed using the Cochrane library, Science Direct, EBSCOhost and Sage using the key words: Assisted suicide Euthanasia Opinions Attitude United Kingdom Public Right to Die Assisted Dying Most of these words (with the exception of Assisted Suicide and Assisted Dying) were used in each of the search engines individually and also used to form sentences, however, the only electronic databases that gave this search the information it required was Sage. This provided a substantial amount of journals, a lot of the others used were subscription based or a fee was required, but from the free to use information two of the most relevant to the subject I wished to perform the review on were chosen. The two papers were chosen from surveys and studies performed in the United Kingdom, because it was decided to research what the thoughts and feelings of medical professionals were in a place where this practice was presently illegal. Use in the literature search, but this was difficult to come by. The titles of the three journals are: Legalisation of Euthanasia or Physician Assisted Suicide: Survey of Doctors Attitudes, and Opinions of the Legalised of Physician Assisted Suicide. Des pite not inputting the word physician into the search engine, a lot of the searches came up with types of journals which mention this anyway. This review will critically evaluate the information in the journals and will be compared with each other, discussing the disadvantages of the surveys and the advantages. The review will also include the various research methods used in the research. The Literature Review The first paper reviewed is in English by Clive Seale, PhD, from the Centre for Health Sciences, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London and is called The legalisation of Euthanasia or Physician-Assisted Suicide: Survey of Doctors Attitudes. The protocol was to determine what doctors opinions about the legalisation of medically assisted dying (which includes the terms, euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide (PAS)) were and this was done in comparison with the opinions of the general public of the UK. The methodology was to send out structured questionnaires with a series of questions using qualitative methods and then analyse the results in a quantitative manner. In 2007, Binleys database (http://www.binleys.com) was used to send questionnaires to 8857 currently working medical practitioners all over the UK, this was broken down into 2829 (7%) GPs, 443 (43%) neurologists, 836 (21% of these were doctors) specialists in the care of the elderly, 462 (54% of thes e were also doctors) specialists in palliative medicine and 4287 workers in other hospital based specialities. This is quite a large sample to use and covers a wide range of specialities. It is not clear in what month in 2007 these questionnaires were sent out but follow-up letters were sent to non-respondents between November 2007 and April 2008 to enquire as to why they did not respond, in which 66 doctors in all responded with the most common reason being lack of time to complete the survey. Overall the response rate was 42.1% with specialists in palliative medicine being the most responsive with 67.3% of people returning their questionnaire, along with specialists in the care of the elderly (48.1%) neurologists (42.9%) other hospital specialties (40.1%) and GPs (39.3%). Despite the large sample of people, 42.1% of replies are quite disappointing, although it is a very emotive subject. The questions consisted of personal questions such as age, gender, grade, ethnic origin, and speciality of the respondent and, on average, the number of deaths attended. They were all asked four questions about their attitude towards euthanasia and assisted suicide, in order to obtain the questionnaire in full the author of the survey invited people to contact him. An email was sent: Appendix (a) and a reply was received the next day: Appendix (b). Previous surveys regarding this subject were performed in the Netherlands, Oregon (USA) and Belgium majority support from the medical profession has been important in passing permissive legislation in these countries. The keywords used in this study were assisted dying; euthanasia; physician-assisted suicide; right to die and terminal care. The distribution of questionnaires meant that the methodology used was right as it was discreet and reached a lot of people in a short amount of time, the only danger with this method was that the medical professionals did not have to respond which was shown in the return response of 42.1% there was no financial or other incentive as this would go against all ethical considerations. Ethical approval for this study was granted by the South East Research Ethics Committee. The results showed that those who were specialists in palliative medicine were more opposed to euthanasia or PAS being legalised than the other specialities, although this could be down to the higher response rate in this area. Those that expressed their religious beliefs were more opposed to the legalisation also. The study showed that the most widely held view was that British doctors do not s upport legalising assisted dying in either euthanasia or PAS; this differs from the British Social Attitudes (BSA) survey which has tracked changes in public opinion since 1984, and is the most consistent source of data (http://www.britsocat.com). The second paper reviewed is Survey of doctors opinions of the legalisation of physician assisted suicide by William Lee, Annabel Price, Lauren Rayner and Matthew Hotopf from the Institute of Psychiatry. Kings College, London. The protocol is similar to the first paper in that they were looking at practitioners opinions on euthanasia and PAS. The article begins by saying that there is wide support among the general public for assisted dying but not so much for those who care for the dying. The methodology was to send out a postal survey of a 1000 senior consultants and medical practitioners were selected randomly from the commercially available Informa Healthcare Medical Directory (2005/2006), retired doctors were excluded from the survey. Questionnaire were sent firstly in February 2007, 12 weeks later, in May, non-respondents were contacted and then six weeks later they were telephoned, it was discovered that that some of the possible contributors had moved, died or retired. This i nformation was adjusted to take this into account. The authors completed separate univariable (a single variable) and multivariable (containing more than one variable) predicting the outcomes using polytomous methods which would allow two outcomes to be predicted together. The response rate to the survey was 50% once the exclusions were accounted for, which is higher than the first paper and still gave a lot of date to work with. Included in the survey the authors included a brief outline of the Assisted Dying for the Terminally Ill Bill (2006) 32% of the doctors who responded had read some of the Bill. Gender, speciality and years in post had no effect on opposition or support for a new law. An interesting point noted is that the views of doctors who do not care for the dying tally with the general publics view, so there is some correlation there with 66% of those who never cared for the dying supporting a change in the law. The outcome of interest for the authors was to what level practitioners agreed with the statement: The law should not be changed to allow assisted suicide. A second outcome of interest was the level of agreement with the statement I would be prepared to prescribe a fatal drug to a terminally ill patient who was suffering unbearably, were that course of action to become legal. (Hotopf, et. al. 2007:3). The findings of this questionnaire can be found in Appendix (c). Both of these questions were determined using five-point Likert-type scales, used commonly in questionnaires, following this were converted into three-point scales comprising of agree, neither agree nor disagree and disagree with a change in law. The survey shows that senior doctors are split abut their views regarding a change in the law; fewer are in favour than the general public in the United Kingdom. These findings have been noted in the US, as well as Canada, Finland and the Netherlands as well as the UK. Ethical permission was gained from the Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London Research Ethics Committee. Comparisons and Conclusions There are many comparisons between the two papers, for example, both sent out questionnaires to their target group, who were specialists in certain fields. However, the first paper surveyed over double the amount of people the second paper did but got less replies. Both studies were done in the same year but it is difficult to tell who started theirs first as the date for first paper is unknown other than it was performed in 2007. The second survey is far more in depth that the first one, and it suggests that qualitative research is needed to understand doctors views better whereas the first paper did not state which the preferred method was. The second paper suggests that doctors who oppose a change in the law comes from an over-optimistic credence in their ability to relieve the suffering of the dying. (Hotopf, et.al. 2007). It is possible to argue against this though and the knowledge and experience of patients who are dying influences views about PAS. Both compare the attitudes b etween the general public and the specialist doctors and note a big difference between them. On the whole both papers conducted a thorough and precise survey but there is room for further research and investigation. References Hotopf, L, Lee, W, Price, A, and Rayner, L. (2009) Survey of Doctors Opinions of the Legalisation of Physician-Assisted Suicide, Bio-Med Central, [Online], Available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1472-6939-10-2.pdf [Accessed: 22nd April 2010]. NHS (2010) Euthanasia and assisted suicide [Online], London. Available from: http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Euthanasiaandassistedsuicide/Pages/Definition.aspx [Accessed 22nd April 2010]. Seale, C. (2009) Legalisation of Euthanasia or Physician-Assisted Suicide: Survey of Doctors Attitudes, Palliative Medicine, [Online], Available from: http://pmj.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/23/3/205 [Accessed 22nd April 2010]. Papers used in Literature Search: Hotopf, L, Lee, W, Price, A, and Rayner, L. Survey of Doctors Opinions of the Legalisation of Physician-Assisted Suicide. Seale, C Legalisation of euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide: survey of doctors attitudes. Appendix (a) Original Message From: Katy Marsland (08111890) [mailto:[emailprotected]] Sent: 26 April 2010 19:25 To: [emailprotected] Subject: A Questionnaire request. Dear Sir, I am at the University of Lincoln and am doing a literature review for my degree in Health and Social care involving your survey on the Legalisation of Euthanasia or Physician-Assisted Suicide: Survey of Doctors Attitudes, and was wondering if it were possible for you to forward me a copy of the questions in order to aid my review? Many thanks in advance Katy Marsland Reply: Here is the questionnaire. Clive (b) END OF LIFE DECISIONS IN MEDICAL PRACTICE: CONFIDENTIAL ENQUIRY PLEASE TICK THE BOXES TO INDICATE YOUR ANSWERS THANK YOU FOR YOUR ASSISTANCE à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ General Background Questions Your age à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ under 35 years of age à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ 36 to 45 years of age à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ 46 to 55 years of age à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ 56 to 65 years of age à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ over 65 years of age Your gender à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ male à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ female Your medical specialty à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ General practice à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ Palliative medicine à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ Neurology à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ Elderly Care à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ Other, please specify Grading of your post à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ Consultant à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ Specialist registrar à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ Associate specialist / staff grade à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ SHO / HO / F1 / F2 à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ GP principal à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ GP registrar Please indicate the number of deaths, on average, for which you would be the treating or attendant doctor in the normal course of your duties Answer only one of (a), (b) or (c). (Please give the most accurate estimate you can) (a)_______________per week (b)_______________per month (c)_______________per year Have you been the treating or attendant doctor in the case of a death in the last 12 months? à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ yes à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ no Please go to question 30, on page 7 SPACE FOR COMMENTS ONCE YOU HAVE FINISHED THIS QUESTIONNAIRE Once you have completed this questionnaire, you can use this space to provide any clarifications to your answers or make other points PLEASE TRY TO RECALL AS CAREFULLY AS POSSIBLE THE MOST RECENT DEATH WITHIN THE LAST 12 MONTHS FOR WHICH YOU WERE ACTING AS THE TREATING OR ATTENDANT DOCTOR, AND ANSWER ALL OF THE QUESTIONS 1 TO 29 FOR THAT PARTICULAR DEATH It is, of course, impossible to do justice to all the finer nuances of decisions concerning the end of life in a short questionnaire. But please indicate those answers which approach the actual circumstances of this death as closely as possible. 1 Sex of the deceased à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ male à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ female 2 Age of the deceased (please estimate if unsure) à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ under 1 year à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ 1-9 years à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ 10-19 years à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ 20-29 years à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ 30-39 years à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ 40-49 years à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ 50-59 years à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ 60-69 years à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ 70-79 years à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ 80-89 years à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ 90 years and over 3 Place of death à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ hospital à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ hospice à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ care home à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ deceaseds own home à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ other (please specify) 4 Cause of death *This does not mean the mode of dying, such as heart failure, asphyxia, asthenia, etc: it means the disease, injury, or complication which caused death 1a Disease or condition directly leading to death* 1b Other disease or condition, if any, leading to 1 (a) 1c Other disease or condition, if any, leading to 1 (b) 2 Other significant conditions contributing to the death but not related to the disease or condition causing it 5 With respect to this death, when was your first contact with the patient? à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ before or at the time of death: go to Question 6 à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ after death: go to question 30, on page 7 6 How long had you known this patient? à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ more than six months à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ one to six months à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ one to four weeks à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ between one day and one week à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ less than 24 hours Medical actions 7a 7b 7c Concerning this death, did you or a colleague: withhold a treatment* (or ensure that this was done)? withdraw a treatment* (or ensure that this was done)? use any drug to alleviate pain and/or symptoms? (please tick as many answers as apply) * IN THIS STUDY TREATMENT INCLUDES CARDIO-PULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR), ARTIFICIAL FEEDING AND/OR HYDRATION à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ no à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ yes (please specify treatments withheld) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ no à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ yes (please specify treatments withdrawn) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ no à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ yes, morphine or another opioid à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ yes, benzodiazepine à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ yes, other drug 8a 8b In withholding a treatment, did you or your colleague consider it probable or certain that this action would hasten the end of the patients life? In withdrawing a treatment, did you or your colleague consider it probable or certain that this action would hasten the end of the patients life? à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ no à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ yes à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ no treatment withheld à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ no à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ yes à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ no treatment withdrawn 9a 9b Concerning the drugs used to alleviate symptoms, (Questions 7c), were these administered knowing this would probably or certainly hasten the end of life? partly intending to end life? à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ no à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ yes à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ no drugs used to alleviate symptoms à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ no à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ yes à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ no drugs used to alleviate symptoms 10a 10b In withholding a treatment, did you or your colleague have the explicit intention of hastening the end of life? In withdrawing a treatment, did you or your colleague have the explicit intention of hastening the end of life? à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ no à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ yes à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ no treatment withheld à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ no à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ yes à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ no treatment withdrawn 11a 11b Was death caused by the use of a drug prescribed, supplied or administered by you or a colleague with the explicit intention of hastening the end of life (or of enabling the patient to end his or her own life?) If yes, who administered this drug (i.e. introduced it into the body)? à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ no à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ yes à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ the patient à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ you or another health care colleague à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ a relative à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ someone else NOTE: IF YOU ANSWERED NO TO ALL THE QUESTIONS ON THIS PAGE, GO TO QUESTION 23 Decision making NOTE: QUESTIONS 12 TO 22 REFER THE LAST-MENTIONED ACT OR OMISSION, THAT IS, THE LAST YES THAT YOU TICKED ON THE PREVIOUS PAGE (QUESTIONS 7 TO 11) 12 Which were the most important reasons for the last-mentioned act or omission? (please tick all that apply_ à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ patient had pain à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ patient had other symptoms à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ request or wish of the patient à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ request or wish of relatives à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ expected further suffering à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ no chance of improvement à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ treatment would have been futile à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ further treatment would have increased suffering à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ other (please specify below) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. 13 In your estimation, how much was the patients life shortened by the last mentioned act or omission? à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ more than six months à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ one to six months à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ one to four weeks à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ between one day and one week à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ less than 24 hours à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ life was probably not shortened at all 14 Did you or a colleague discuss the last-mentioned act or omission with the patient? à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ yes, at the time of performing the act/omission or shortly before: go to Question 15 à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ yes, some time beforehand: go to Question 15 à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ no, no discussion: go to Question 19 15 At the time of this discussion, did you consider the patient had the capacity to assess his/her situation and make a decision about it? à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ yes à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ no 16 Did this discussion include the (probable or certain) hastening of the end of the patients life by this last-mentioned act or omission? à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ yes à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ no 17 Was the decision concerning the last mentioned act or omission made in response to an explicit request from the patient? à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ yes, upon an oral request à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ yes, upon a written request à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ yes, upon both an oral and a written request à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ no: go to Question 21 18 At the time of this request, did you consider the patient had the capacity to assess his/her situation and make a decision about it? à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ yes: go to Question 21 à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ no: go to Question 21 ONLY ANSWER QUESTIONS 19 and 20 IF YOUR ANSWER TO QUESTION 14 WAS NO, NO DISCUSSION 19 Did you consider the patient had the capacity to assess his/her situation and make a decision about it? à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ yes à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ no 20 Why was the last mentioned act or omission not discussed with the patient? (Please fill in as many answers as apply) à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ patient was too young à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ the last mentioned act or omission was clearly the best one for the patient à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ discussion would have done more harm than good à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ patient was unconscious à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ patient had significant cognitive impairment à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ patient was suffering from a psychiatric disorder à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ other, please elaborate at the end of the questionnaire 21 Did you or a colleague discuss with anybody else the (possible) hastening of the end of the patients life before it was decided to take the last mentioned act or omission? (Please fill in as many answers as apply) à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ with one or more medical colleagues à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ nursing staff /other caregivers à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ by partner/relatives of the patient à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ someone else à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ nobody 22 Which were the most important reasons for the last-mentioned act or omission? (please tick all that apply) à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ patient had pain à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ patient had other symptoms à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ request or wish of the patient à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ request or wish of relatives à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ expected further suffering à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ no chance of improvement à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ further treatment would have been futile à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ further treatment would have increased suffering à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ other (please specify below à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ NOTE: QUESTIONS FROM HERE ONWARDS SHOULD BE ANSWERED WHETHER OR NOT YOU ANSWERED YES TO ANY OF THE ACTS OR OMISSIONS MENTIONED ON PAGE 3 (QUESTIONS 7 TO 11) 23 Was an explicit request to hasten the end of the patients life made by any of the following? (Please tick all that apply) à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ partners/relatives of the patient à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ nursing or other care staff à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ someone else à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ no explicit request 24 As far as you know, did the patient ever express a wish for the end of his/her life to be hastened? à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ yes, clearly: go to Question 25 à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ yes, but not very clearly: go to Question 25 à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ no: go to Question 26 25 Did the patients wish for this outcome reduce or disappear over time? à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ no à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ yes, in response to care provided à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ yes, other reason 26 The treatment during the last week was mainly aimed at: à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ recovery à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ prolonging life à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ support during the dying process 27 Which caregivers were involved in the care for the patient during the last month before death (beside yourself and as far as you know)? (please tick all that apply) Of those not involved, which ones might have helped? Involved Not involved and might have helped general practitioner à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ specialist in pain relief à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ palliative care team à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ psychiatrist / psychologist à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ nursing staff à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ social care worker à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ spiritual caregiver à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ volunteer à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ family member à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ 28a 28b 28c 28d Was the patient continuously and deeply sedated or kept in a coma before death? Which medication was given for sedation? (please tick as many answers as apply) At what time before death was continuous sedation of the patient started? Which were the most important reasons for this sedation? (please tick all that apply) à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ yes à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ no: go to Question 29a à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ midazolam à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ other benzodiazepine à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ morphine or another opioid à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ other type of medication à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. hours before death à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. days before death à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. weeks before death à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ patient had intractable pain à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ patient had intractable psychological distress à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ patient had other intractable symptoms à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ request or wish of the patient à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ request or wish of relatives à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ other (please specify below à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ 29a 29b 29c Did the patient receive morphine or another opioid during the last 24 hours before death? How much time before death was the administration of morphine or another opioid started? Which figure best illustrates the dosage of morphine or another opioid during the last 3 days before the patients death? à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ yes à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ no go to Question 30 à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. hours before death à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. days before death à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. weeks before death à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ No increase à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ Gradual increase à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ Strong increase last day Attitudes and beliefs Questions 30 and 31 are about voluntary euthanasia (that is, when someone ends the life of another person at their request), worded in the same way as those used in surveys of general public opinion. 30 30a 30b First, a person with an incurable and painful illness, from which they will die for example, someone dying of cancer. Do you think that, if they ask for it, a doctor should ever be allowed by law to end their life, or not? And do you think that, if this person asks for it, a doctor should ever be allowed by law to give them lethal medication that will allow the person to take their own life? à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ Definitely should be allowed à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ Probably should be allowed à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ Probably should not be allowed à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ Definitely should not be allowed à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ Definitely should be allowed à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ Probably should be allowed à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ Probably should not be allowed à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ Definitely should not be allowed 31 31a 31b Now, how about a person with an incurable and painful illness, from which they will not die. Do you think that, if they ask for it, a doctor should ever be allowed by law to end their life, or not? And do you think that, if this person asks for it, a doctor should ever be allowed by law to give them lethal medication that will allow the person to take their own life? à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ Definitely should be allowed à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ Probably should be allowed à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ Probably should not be allowed à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ Definitely should not be allowed à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ Definitely should be allowed à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ Probably should be allowed à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ Probably should not be allowed à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ Definitely should not be allowed 32 Religion: what is your religion? à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ None à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ Christian (including Church of England, Catholic, Protestant and all other Christian denominations) à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ Buddhist à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ Hindu à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ Jewish à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ Muslim à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ Sikh Any other religion, please write in 33 Religion: would you describe yourself as: à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ extremely religious à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ very religious à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ somewhat religious à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ neither religious nor non-religious à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ somewhat non-religious à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ very non religious à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ extremely non religious à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ cant choose 34 What is your ethnic group? Choose ONE section from A to E, then tick the appropriate box to indicate your ethnic group A White à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ any White background B Mixed à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ White and Black Caribbean à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ White and Black African à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ White and Asian à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ Any Other Mixed background, please write in C Asian or Asian British à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ Indian à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ Pakistani à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ Bangladeshi à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ Any Other Asian background, please write in D Black or Black British à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ Caribbean à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ African à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ Any Other Black background, please write in E Chinese or other ethnic group à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ Chinese à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯ Any Other, please write in To clarify any answers or to make further comments, please use the space on page 1. Thank you for your help with this important survey. Now that you have finished the questionnaire, to ensure the anonymity of your answers you will need to do two things. Place the completed questionnaire in the reply-paid envelope, seal it and post it as soon as possible Post the reply-paid response notification card with your name on it if you wish to avoid receiving follow-up reminders. These two items will be received by different people in different locations and kept separate. It will not be possible to link your questionnaire with your name. This questionnaire has been sent to a random sample of 10,000 doctors. It will not be possible for the researchers or anyone else to use your replies to discover your identity or the identity of the patient on whose care you have reported. We understand that recalling events of this nature can be a distressing experience. If you wish to talk to someone about your feelings concerning end-of-life care, the Confidential Counselling Helpline of the British Medical Association can assist you. Their number is: 0645 200 169 (c) Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide in the United Kingdom A Research Proposal Part B By Katy Marsland 08111890 University of Lincoln Hand in Date: 4th May 2010 (1,352 Words) Julie Burton NUR2002M-0910 research Methods 2009/2010 Table of Contents: Page Title 26 Research Questions 27 Aims of Project 28 Initial Literature Review 29-30 Methodology 31 Ethical Considerations and Practical Constraints 32 Timetable for Dissertation Research 33-34 References 35 A Research Proposal 1. Title: Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide in the United Kingdom. 2. Research Questions Should Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide be made legal? What are the arguments for and against policy change in the United Kingdom? Which section of society is most supportive of a change in the law? Which section is most opposed and why? 3. Aims of Project This research aims to investigate, using secondary data, whether a change in the law is needed to clarify the position of euthanasia and assisted suicide in the United Kingdom, and whether this should be made legal just for those who are terminally ill or for

Journal Reading :: essays research papers

Introduction: Journaling is a powerful thing; there are many different uses for a Journal, everything from personal thoughts to keeping an expedition written down for later resource. Many people don’t use Journals which is unfortunate, my focus in this paper is to show the different areas of Journaling and to possibly make it a part of your life. Thesis: My thesis statement is to show the importance of journaling in leadership and other positions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Getting started, it doesn’t take much to get started, all you need is a pen or pencil, preferably a pencil incase you need to change something, but a wise teacher once told me that his mom asked him a very interesting question, â€Å" What do you use on crossword puzzles, a pen or a pencil,† she then later stated â€Å" I always do mine in pen,† now the reason behind her always doing it in pen is so you know you did it write the first time, and you feel confident in that. The next thing you would or should need is something to write on, this can be anything from a purchased store journal to napkin from a restaurant, although having a booklet of napkins may seem absurd, it doesn’t matter as long as it’s something to take your thoughts down on. The other thing that you should have is a positive attitude, trust me it is helpful in all aspects of life, a great man once said, â€Å" The greatest discovery of my generation is that hum an being can alter their lives by altering their attitude of mind by William James.† (Pg.88 John Maxwell The 21 Indispensable Qualities of a leader). That’s about all it should take to start a effective journal, so stay focused as we will be going through the Purpose of Journaling. The first area I would like to delve into is the thinking aspect of Journaling. I don’t know about you, but I like to think, it makes me feel like I’m the smartest man in the world. I took this class called Practicum Seminar Leadership and for the class we had to go on a solo trip for about 3 days, by ourselves, and I thought a lot while I was out there and I wish I had, had a journal to keep all my thoughts down in, because some of them were lost, but I came out of there with a deep understanding of what it means to be positive.

Mumbai attacks Essay

INTRODUCTION The day of 26th November, 2008 would have been as usual and pleasant as any other day for Mumbai but the terror attacks by the members of Lashkar-e-Taiba, considered as terrorist organisation by India, who wreaked havoc in the India’s largest city. There were ten gunmen, nine of whom were subsequently shot dead and one captured by security forces. Witnesses reported that they looked to be in their early twenties, wore black t-shirts and jeans, and that they smiled and looked happy as they shot their victims. It was initially reported that some of the attackers were British citizens, but the Indian Government later stated that there was no evidence to confirm this. Similarly, early reports of twelve gunmen were also later shown to be incorrect. On December 9, the ten attackers were identified by Mumbai police, along with their home towns in Pakistan: Ajmal Amir from Faridkot, Abu Ismail Dera Ismail Khan from Dera Ismail Khan, Hafiz Arshad and Babr Imran from Multan, Javed from Okara, Shoaib from Narowal, Nazih and Nasr fromFaisalabad, Abdul Rahman from Arifwalla, and Fahad Ullah from Dipalpur Taluka. Dera Ismail Khan is in the North-West Frontier Province; the rest of the towns are in Pakistani Punjab. Ajmal Kasab was the only attacker captured alive by police and is currently under arrest. Much of the information about the attackers’ preparation, travel, and movements comes from his confessions to the Mumbai police. Mohammed Ajmal Amir Kasab was born on July 13, 1987. He briefly joined his brother in Lahore, who worked as a labourer, and then returned to Faridkot. He left home after a fight with his father in 2005. He had asked for new clothes on Eid, but his father could not provide them, which made him angry. He then became involved in petty crime with his friend Muzaffar Lal Khan, soon moving on to armed robbery. On Dec 21, 2007, Bakr-Eid day, they were in Rawalpindi trying to buy weapons when they encountered members of Jama’at-ud-Da’wah, the political wing of Lashkar-e-Taiba, distributing pamphlets. After a brief chat, they decide to sign up for training with the Lashkar-e-Taiba, ending up at their base camp, Markaz Taiba. According to Deputy Commissioner of Mumbai Police he spoke rough Hindi and barely any  English. Some sources said his father asked him to join the militant group, Lashkar-e-Taiba so that he could use the money they gave him to run the family. When asked ab out this, Ajmal Amir’s father told reporters, â€Å"I don’t sell my sons.† Even David Coleman Headley is charged for scouting the locations for 2008 Mumbai terror attacks by Laskar-e-Taiba. He is alleged by FBI for conspiring to bomb targets in Mumbai, India; providing material support to Lashkar-i-Taiba, a militant Pakistani Islamist group; and aiding and abetting the murder of U.S. citizens. Training Ajmal Amir is alleged to be among a group of 24 men who received training in marine warfare at a remote camp in mountainous Muzaffarabad in Pakistan-administered Kashmir. Part of the training is reported to have taken place on the Mangla Dam reservoir. Zaki-ur-Rehman Lakhvi, a senior commander of the Lashkar-e-Taiba, reportedly offered to pay his family Rs.150,000 for his participation in the attacks. Another report said the 21-year old man was recruited from his Punjab, Pakistan home in part based on a pledge by recruiters to pay USD $1,250 US (Rs. 62,412.50) to his family when he became a martyr. Other sources put the reward to USD $4,000. Stages of training This batch of 25 went through the following stages of training: †¢ Psychological: Indoctrination to Islamist propaganda, including compiled footage of ‘Indian atrocities’ in Jammu & Kashmir, and imagery of the atrocities suffered by Muslims in India, Chechnya, Palestine and across the globe. †¢ Basic Combat: Lashkar’s basic combat and terror methodology course,  the Daura Aam. †¢ Advanced Training: Selected to undergo advanced specialised training at a camp near Mansehra, a course the organisation calls the Daura Khaas. This includes advanced weapons and explosives training supervised by retired personnel of the Pakistan Army, along with survival training and further indoctrination. †¢ Finally, an even smaller group selected for specialised marine commando and navigation training given to the fidayeen unit selected to target Mumbai. From the batch of about 25, 10 were handpicked for the Mumbai mission. They also received training in swimming and sailing, besides the use of high-end weapons and explosives under the supervision of LeT commanders. According to a media report citing an unnamed former Defence Department Official of the US, the intelligence agencies of the US had determined that the former officers from Pakistan’s Army and Inter-Services Intelligence agency assisted actively and continuously in training. They were given blueprints of all the four targets – Taj Mahal Palace & Tower, Oberoi Trident hotel and Nariman House. The type of training which he got completely washed his brain and it was enough to make him think only of destruction and only destruction. Feeling of hatred incited him against India to that level that he only wanted to kill Indians and to destroy India. Pakistanis give these terrorist institutions the name of militant organisations to hide these from the eyes of the world but these are recognised as terrorist groups in India, USA and UK. These institutions give militant training to those individuals who do not have sufficient money and gradually prepare them as a ‘militant terrorist’ in the name of ‘jihad’. ATTACKS Entry into India According to investigations the attackers traveled by sea from Karachi, Pakistan across the Arabian Sea, hijacked the Indian fishing trawler ‘Kuber’, killing the crew of four, and then forced the captain to sail to Mumbai. After killing the captain, the terrorists entered Mumbai on a rubber dinghy. The captain of ‘Kuber’, Amar Singh Solanki, had earlier been imprisoned for six months in a Pakistani jail for illegally fishing in Pakistani waters. The first events were detailed around 20:00 Indian Standard Time (IST) on 26 November, when 10 Urdu-speaking men in inflatable speedboats came ashore at two locations in Colaba. They reportedly told local Marathi-speaking fishermen who asked them who they were to â€Å"mind their own business† before they split up and headed two different ways. The fishermen’s subsequent report to police received little response. Involvement in Attack He was captured on CCTV during his attacks at Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus along with another terrorist, Ismail Khan. Ajmal Amir reportedly told the police that they wanted to replicate theIslamabad Marriott hotel attack, and reduce the Taj Hotel to rubble, replicating the 9/11 attacks in India. Ajmal Amir and his accomplice Abu Dera Ismail Khan, age 25, attacked the Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (formerly Victoria Terminus) railway station. They then moved on to attack a police vehicle (a white Toyota Qualis) at Cama Hospital, in which senior Mumbai police officers (Maharashtra ATS Chief Hemant Karkare, Encounter Specialist Vijay Salaskar and Additional Commissioner of Mumbai Police Ashok Kamte) were traveling. After killing them in a gun battle and taking two constables’ hostage in the Qualis, Ajmal Amir and Ismail Khan drove towards Metro cinema. Ajmal Amir joked about the bullet proof vests worn by the police and killed one constable when his mobile phone rang. They fired some shots into a crowd gathered at Metro Cinema. They then drove towards Vidhan Bhavan where they fired a few more shots. Their vehicle had a tire puncture, so  they stole a silver Ã…  koda Laura and drove towards Girgaum Chowpatty. Earlier, the D B Marg police had got a message from police control at about 10pm, saying that two heavily armed men were at large after gunning down commuters at CST. 15 policemen from D B Marg were sent to Chowpatty where they set up a double barricade on Marine Drive armed with 2 self-loading rifles (SLRs), two revolvers and lathis (or batons). The Skoda reached Chowpatty and halted 40 to 50 feet from the barricade. It then reversed and tried to make a U-turn. A shootout ensued and Abu Ismail was killed. Ajmal lay motionless playing dead. Assistant sub-inspector Tukaram Omble, who was armed only with a lathi(gapp), was killed when the police charged the car. Umbale took five bullets, but held on to Ajmal’s weapon, enabling his colleagues to capture him alive. A mob gathered and attacked the two terrorists. This incident was captured on video. Some reports said that Ajmal Amir was shot and had bullet wounds in his hand or both hands. There are other reports by doctors who treated him that he had no bullet wounds. While it is reported that he told the police that he was trained to â€Å"kill to the last breath†, when he was arrested, he pleaded with the medical staff: â€Å"I do not want to die. Put me on saline†. Later, after interrogation in the hospital by the police, he said: â€Å"Now, I do not want to live†, requesting the interrogators to kill him for the safety of his family in Pakistan who could be killed or tortured for his surrender to Indian police. Fidayeen terrorists are strictly instructed by Lashkar commanders not to be captured and interrogated, use aliases instead of their real names and hide their nationality. He is also quoted as saying â€Å"I have done right, I have no regrets†. Reports also surfaced that the group planned to escape safely after the attack, ruling out this being a suicide mission. It is also reported that he expressed to Indian police his willingness to switch loyalties, saying: â€Å"If you give me regular meals and money I will do the same that I did for them†. Ajmal Amir has told interrogators that right through the fighting, the Lashkar headquarters from Karachi, Pakistan remained in touch with the group, calling their phones through a voice-over-internet service. Investigators have succeeded in reconstructing the group’s journey through the Garmin GPS set that has been seized from him. The mail sent from a bogus group calling itself the Deccan Mujahideen claiming responsibility has been traced to a Russian proxy which was then traced back to Lahore, Pakistan with the help of the FBI. It was in fact the Lashkar-e-Toiba operating under an alternate name after being banned by U.S. Methodology The attackers had planned the attack several months ahead of time and knew some areas well enough for the attackers to vanish, and reappear after security forces had left. Several sources have quoted Kasab telling the police that the group received help from Mumbai residents. The attackers used at least three SIM cards purchased on the Indian side of the border with Bangladesh, pointing to some local collusion. There were also reports of one SIM card purchased in New Jersey, USA. Police had also mentioned that Faheem Ansari, an Indian Lashkar operative who had been arrested in February 2008, had scouted the Mumbai targets for the November attacks. Later, the police arrested two Indian suspects, Mikhtar Ahmad, who is from Srinagar in Kashmir, and Tausif Rehman, a resident of Kolkata. They supplied the SIM cards, one in Calcutta, and the other in New Delhi. Type 86 Grenades made by China’s state-owned Norinco were used in the attacks. Blood tests on the attackers indicate that they had taken cocaine and LSD during the attacks, to sustain their energy and stay awake for 50 hours. Police say that they found syringes on the scenes of the attacks. There were also indications that they had been taking steroids. The gunman who survived said that the attackers had used Google Earth to familiarise themselves with the locations of buildings used in the attacks. DISPUTE ON NATIONALITY Dispute There was a dispute on the matter regarding the issue of nationality of Ajmal Kasab in the court. After the attacks, India asserted that Ajmal was a Pakistani national based on his confession and evidence gathered due to the information provided by him. Several reporters visited the village in Pakistan where Ajmal Amir said his family lived, and verified the facts provided by him. Former Pakistan Prime Minister, Nawaz Sharif confirmed that Ajmal Amir was from Faridkot village in Pakistan, and criticized President Zardari for cordoning off the village and not allowing his parents to meet anyone. Investigative journalist Saeed Shah travelled to Ajmal Amir’s village and produced national identity card numbers of his parents, Mohammed Amir and Noor Elahi soon after they themselves disappeared on the night of December 3, 2008. Also, the Mumbai Police said that much of the information that Ajmal Amir provided had proved to be accurate. He disclosed the location of a fishing trawler, MV Kuber, that the terrorists used to enter Mumbai’s coastal waters. He also told investigators where they would find the ship captain’s body, a satellite phone and a global-positioning device, which they did. Despite mounting evidence, Pakistani officials, including President Asif Ali Zardari, initially denied the assertion that Ajmal Amir was Pakistani. Pakistani government officials attempted to erase evidence that there was a Lashkar-e-Taiba office in Deepalpur, near Kasab’s village. The office was hurriedly closed in the week of December 7. Moreover, at Faridkot many residents and local plainclothes police appeared to be trying to hurriedly cover up Ajmal Amir’s connection with the village. The atmosphere turned hostile, and several reporters who went to Faridkot were roughed up. In early December, dealing a major blow to Pakistan’s claims, Ajmal Amir’s father admitted in an interview that the captured terrorist was his  son. In January 2009, a month after the attacks, Pakistan’s national security advisor Mahmud Ali Durrani admitted to Ajmal Amir being a Pakistani citizen while speaking to the CNN-IBN news channel. The Pakistan Government then hastily acknowledged that Ajmal was a Pakistani, but also announced that Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gilani had fired Durrani for â€Å"failing to take Gilani and other stakeholders into confidence† before making this information public, and for â€Å"a lack of coordination on matters of national security.† This is a satire on the administrative system of Pakistan. Kasab’s confession on Nationality The statement made by the Pakistani minister was contradicted by their own official and even Kasab. Kasab even admitted before the court that he is a Pakistani and belong to Faridkot in Pakistan. Kasab accepted before the trial judge that he was a Pakistani national and told the court that he is fine with government-provided lawyer to defend him. Kasab appeared before special judge M L Tahiliyani via video link from the Arthur Road jail where he is presently lodged in a high security cell giving the media the first glimpse of the surviving terrorist who along with his nine accomplices were involved in the carnage. Tahiliyani asked Kasab to identify himself and asked him where he was from. Kasab replied that he was from Faridkot, in Pakistan’s Punjab province. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS Kasab’s confession Pakistani terrorist Mohammed Ajmal Amir Kasab, in his dramatic confession before a special court Monday, said that he was a decorator by profession but since his income was little, he was attracted to ‘jehad’ (holy war). Through some contacts, he came in touch with the terror group Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) and later underwent training under Zaki-ur-Rehman Lakhvi, Abu Hamza, Abu Kafa and Abu Jhundal, the masterminds of the Nov 26, 2008, Mumbai terror attacks, at a place called Battal in Pakistan. Recounting how he joined terrorism, Kasab said he worked with Haji Sultan as a small-time decorator in Jhelum in Punjab province. It was a month before the Bakr-Eid festival, that co-worker Muzaffar and he spoke of how they were not making enough money from the work. Muzaffar suggested that they could indulge in thefts or dacoity to make more money. While on a visit to Rawalpindi, Kasab had approached some LeT activists whom they located in the Raja market. â€Å"I told them that I wanted to become a ‘jehadi.’ One of them enquired about where we stayed and asked us to bring our belongings there. Another accompanied us with a piece of paper on which Markaz Taiba Murqui was written and gave us some money,† he said. There they met more boys and joined them. After 21 days, Kasab was sent to Mansera, and then to Mankheda Aksa. Later, all the boys were taken to a hilly place called Battal where they were trained to operate pistols, guns, AK-47s and other weapons for 21 days. Later, they were sent to Daura Khaas for three months. Kasab said three people trained them – Abu Ansa, Abu Basheer and Abu Abdul Rehman. From Battal, he travelled to â€Å"Azad Kashmir†, the Pakistan-administered Kashmir, where he met Sayeed. All the boys were taken to another camp and trained for three months by Abu Maviya, Abu Saiful Rehman, Abu Talaah and Abu Sariya. Here they learnt to operate rocket launchers, grenades and other deadly weapons. Later, Kasab said, he was given a week’s break to go home. Upon return, Sayeed, Abu Hamza and Abu Kafa selected some of the boys to go to Kashmir.  They also learnt swimming from Abu Imran and were for a month taken to Karachi, where they were trained to get acclimatised to the sea. They returned to Muzaffarabad in PoK, were given identity cards and clothes which they wore on the day of the Mumbai terror attacks. Kasab and Abu Ismail were the first to get out after landing at Colaba in south Mumbai that evening. They hailed a cab to go to Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (CST), as instructed by Hamza and left one bomb in the taxi and another at CST. After entering the CST, they opened fire as instructed by Hamza; Ismail lobbed grenades inside the station premises and opened fire from his AK-47. The duo continued firing and throwing grenades at regular intervals and continued moving ahead even as the security forces started confronting them and later surrounded them. Seeing little or no retaliation from the stunned police forces that night, the duo decided to take the CST subway, but Ismail beckoned him to go to Platform No. 1 where a train was waiting. They continued moving ahead in the direction of the bridge at the end of the station. They tried to force open some vehicles parked outside in a small lane. They saw a person coming from the opposite direction and Kasab killed him. Ismail started firing ahead and the duo jumped a short wall there and entered one of the wards of Cama Hospital. Ismail asked Kasab to wait at the hospital gate and he went inside, firing and later led him in. As they went inside, Kasab held a person as a shield after the police forces confronted them. They started firing and throwing grenades, outside the main gate they fired at a car and encountered firing from a jeep nearby. They hid behind a bush and later dragged out the limp bodies of three policemen and hijacked the jeep to go towards the Metro cinema junction. It was in Cama Hospital that Kasab and Ismail gunned down Anti-Terrorist Squad (ATS) chief Hemant Karkare and his associate Vijay Salaskar. They also killed another senior police official, Additional Commissioner of Police Ashok Kamte, before hijacking the police jeep. However, they kept moving in circles and by then, the jeep had developed a flat tyre. Kasab was also injured on his right elbow and left wrist and pleaded that he could not do anything more. Ismail urged him on and said that even he had sustained a bullet on his knee. Then they saw a Skoda car, they ordered the passengers – a couple, to stop, forcibly took the keys from them and took the vehicle, blindly following another car as they did not know where to proceed. At a point on the road (Girgaum Chowpatty), they saw a police barricade, and when they were ordered to stop, Ismail attempted to take a u-turn on the road, but failed. The police rushed towards them and dragged out Kasab and hammered him with a baton, snatched his gun and attacked him in the tummy with the butt. Kasab claimed that he did not fire at anyone at that juncture and had lost consciousness. When he revived, he found himself at Nair Hospital, under arrest by the Mumbai police. TRIAL Chargesheet Indian investigators filed a formal 11,000 page Chargesheet against Kasab on 25 February 2009. Due to the fact that the chargesheet was written in Marathi and English, Kasab had requested that an Urdu translation of the charge sheet be given to him. Kasab has been charged with murder, conspiracy and waging war against India along with other crimes. His trial was to have started on April 15 but was put off as his lawyer, Anjali Waghmare, had been dismissed for a conflict of interest. He has gotten a new lawyer named Abbas Kazmi. On 28 April, he wrote a letter through his lawyer to the magistrate  requesting a perfume bottle, a toothpaste, Urdu Times newspaper and permission to walk in the adjacent varandah alongside his barack. He also requested the court to deposit the amount (given to him by the terrorists) seized from him by police into his jail account. Time line of Proceedings On 26 Nov 2008, Ujjwal Nikam was appointed as Public Prosecutor. In Jan 2009, M L Tahiliyani was appointed as judge to conduct the trial. In Feb 2009, an 11,000-page charge sheet was served on Kasab. In Mar 2009, advocate Anjali Waghmare was appointed as Kasab’s lawyer. Kasab appeared through video-conferencing. In Apr 2009, Waghmare was removed as Kasab’s lawyer. Abbas Kazmi was appointed as defence lawyer in mid-April. Trial began on April 17, 2009. On 20 Apr 2009, the prosecution submitted a list of charges, including the murder of 166 people. On 6 May 2009 Kasab pleaded not guilty to 86 charges. In May 2009, an eye witness identified Kasab in court. Another said he saw Kasab and nine others arrive by boat. Two doctors who treated him, identified him. On 2 June 2009, Kasab told the judge he now also understood Marathi. In June 2009, the special court issued non-bailable warrants against 22 absconding accused including Jamaat-ud-Dawa (JuD) chief Hafeez Saeed and chief of operations of Lashkar-e-Toiba, Zaki-ur-Rehman Laqvi. On 20 July 2009 Kasab retracted his non-guilty plea and pleaded guilty to all  charges, but his trial will continue. Visiting US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said in an interview with Thai publication The Nation during the ASEAN conference in Phuket in July 2009 that had Kasab been educated, he wouldn’t have been a terrorist. On 18 December 2009, Kasab says he is innocent, he was framed and tortured by Indian Police. In a surprising U-turn he claims to have come to Mumbai 20 days ago and was simply roaming at Juhu beach when police arrested him. Details of proceedings Ajmal Amir has written to the Pakistani High Commission in India requesting help and legal aid. In the letter, he confirmed the nationality of himself and the nine slain terrorists as Pakistani. He also asked the Pakistani High Commission to take custody of the body of fellow terrorist Ismail Khan, who was killed in an encounter in south Mumbai on the night of November 26. Pakistani officials confirmed the receipt of the letter and were reported to be studying its details. However, no further updates were given on the matter by Pakistan. Kasab’s trial was delayed due to legal issues, as many Indian lawyers were unwilling to represent him. A Mumbai Bar Association passed a resolution proclaiming that none of its members would represent Kasab. However, the Chief Justice of India stated that Kasab needed a lawyer for a fair trial. A lawyer for Kasab was eventually found, but was replaced due to a conflict of interest. On February 25, 2009, Indian investigators filed an 11,000-page Chargesheet, formally charging Kasab with murder, conspiracy, and waging war against India among other charges. Kasab’s trial began on 6 May 2009. He initially pleaded not guilty, but later admitted his guilt on 20 July 2009. He initially apologized for the attacks and claimed that he deserved the death penalty for his crimes, but later retracted these claims, saying that he had been tortured by police to force his confession, and that he had been arrested while roaming the beach. The court had accepted his plea, but due to the lack of completeness within his admittance, the judge  had deemed that many of the 86 charges were not addressed and therefore the trial will continue. Kasab could, and will almost certainly, be hanged if given the maximum penalty of death. Indian and Pakistani police have exchanged DNA evidence, photographs and items found with the attackers to piece together a detailed portrait of the Mumbai plot. Police in Pakistan have arrested seven people, including Hammad Amin Sadiq, a homeopathic pharmacist, who arranged bank accounts and secured supplies, and he and six others begin their formal trial on 3 Oct 2009 in Pakistan, though Indian authorities say the prosecution stops well short of top Lashkar leaders. In November 2009, Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh said that Pakistan has not done enough to bring the perpetrators of the attacks to justice. On the eve of the first anniversary of 26/11, a Pakistani anti-terror court has formally charged seven accused, including LeT operations commander Zaki ur Rehman Lakhvi. Ujjawal Nikam, public prosecutor in the matter of Kasab, said there was ample evidence to show Kasab and the two arrested accused, Faheem Ansari and Sabauddin Ahmed, were part of the conspiracy hatched in Pakistan to strike terror in the financial capital. He said foreign experts would be examined but their names and addresses should be kept secret. Nikam also said that further investigations in this case were on and supplementary chargesheet would be filed later. Special Public Prosecutor Ujjwal Nikam told the court that Kasab, the prime accused in the case, would be charged with murder of 166 persons in the attack unleashed by Pakistan-based terror outfit LeT on November 26, 2008 here. Although he was not directly involved in killing all 166 persons, Kasab was an active member of conspiracy hatched in Pakistan to commit terror attacks in India, Nikam said in his brief preliminary address to open the case. Kazmi who had earlier defend to 30 accused in the 1993 Mumbai serial bomb blast trial, told the court he was willing to defend Kasab. Nikam said 1,820 witnesses had been cited but only potential among them will be examined. Prosecution would place 750 articles and 1350 documents as  evidence. Nikam told the court that Kasab was directly involved in seven different cases of terror attacks. These pertain to murder of five crew of ‘Kuber’ boat, including its navigator Amar Singh Solanki, bomb blast in a taxi at suburban Vile Parle, firing at Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, Cama Hospital firing attack, killing of three police officers near Cama Hospital and theft of Skoda car and attack on police team near Chowpatty, he said. In all these cases, Kasab was involved with co-conspirator Ismail Khan, who was killed in police encounter near Chowpatty, Nikam alleged. He said there are five other cases in which Kasab has been charged with murder conspiracy, although he had not directly participated in them. These are firing in Hotel Taj Mahal, Hotel Oberoi, Restaurant Leopold Cafe, Nariman House and bomb explosion in a taxi at Mazgaon. The court took on record advocate Ejaz Naqvi as defence counsel for Faheem Ansari and Ahmed. Since Naqvi did not appear in morning session and Faheem sought time to appoint another lawyer, the court asked Faheem’s wife to call Naqvi to the court. Later, he came and told the court that he would continue to defend Faheem. Demanded trial by International Court The alleged gunman in the 2008 bloody siege of Mumbai said he should be tried by an international court because he does not expect justice in India. Mohammed Ajmal Kasab, 21, told a special court that police had falsely implicated him in the case. â€Å"I should be tried in an international court,† he told Judge M.L. Tahiliyani. Earlier Kasab retracted his confession that he sprayed gunfire into a crowd at the railroad station. He also said police tortured him into admitting having a role in the attacks. Kasab also said thathe wanted to call witnesses from Pakistan for his defense, and that he should be allowed to meet Pakistani officials. Witnesses would include a passport officer, he said, without providing other details. The judge asked him to file a petition through his attorney. Kasab could face the death penalty if convicted. Murder and conspiracy to wage war against India are among the charges he faces. Kasab told the judge he came to Mumbai as a tourist and was arrested 20 days before the siege began. On the day the attacks started, Kasab said police took him from his cell because he resembled one of the gunmen. They then shot him to make it look as if he had been involved in the attacks and re-arrested him, Kasab said. ANALYSIS It is mockery of the Indian Judicial System that even the charge is proved on the convict but the trail is going on. In the month of July last year the convict pleaded guilty of all the charges, but the Judge said that the other 86 cases have not been addressed therefore the trial should continue and in the month of September he again told the court that he was forced to plead for guilty by the Indian police. Has anyone think over it that if the verdict would have been given as soon as he pleaded guilty what would happen? Such kinds of questions were raised, and will raise on Indian Judicial System if it will continue to follow such kind of path. The Court should has given its verdict on the basis of the evidences produced by the public, eye witnesses and moreover the acceptance of the charge by the convict. The other matters could have been addressed later on. Even there was news that Kasab giggle over the question asked by the judge and made fun of it. This is a satire on the discipline of the courts. The judge has to order him to  behave in the court. This clearly shows that giving a chance of fair trial to convict made him to perceive as nothing is going to happen to him for the next ten years. People have such kind of mentality towards the Judicial System. If a suit has been filed in a court then the guilty has nothing to do with it for many years. Our Judicial System needs changes. This system has to be discarded and a new system should be introduced. Indian Police is not required to file a charge sheet of 11,000 pages and judges are needed not to give judgements running through thousand of pages. A simple and logical statement is sufficient for the parties involved in it and for the general public as well. In my view this trial of Ajmal Kasab should be finished because there is nothing more to think over it. Otherwise it will lead to expenditure of more and more money of the government on such a heinous criminal, which is of no worth.

Report: Human Resource Management and Case Studies

Written Assessment 1 – Short Report on Case Studies Objective This assessment item relates to course learning outcomes 1 and 4. Structure Follow Report format. See the Course LibGuide for further details. Your assignment must be written in Times New Roman, size 12, with 1. 5 line spacing. You must follow all other formatting rules described in the guide mentioned above. Topic Background â€Å"Only human capital can produce a sustainable competitive advantage. And, performance management systems are the key tools that can be used to transform people's talent and motivation into a strategic business advantage. Aguinis (2013) Performance Management Task You are required to carefully review and evaluate 4 Case Studies from your textbook. These are: Case Study 4-1 â€Å"Diagnosing the Causes of Poor Performance† Case Study 4-2 â€Å"Differentiating Task from Contextual Performance† Case Study 4-3 â€Å"Choosing a Performance Measurement Approach at Paychex, Inc. â⠂¬  Case Study 4-4 â€Å"Deliberate Practice Makes Perfect† For each case you are to prepare a 500-700 word response to all of the critical thinking questions presented at the end of each case.Provide relevant research evidence to justify and support your response in addition to the set text. Instructions: You are expected to read widely for the assignment. You should access scholarly material, including peer reviewed journal articles, chapters from edited books of readings, and books on specific human resource management (HRM) topics (at least 12 additional references required for the entire assignment). A good guide would be to use at least 3 additional references (ideally these would be journal articles from 2008-2013) for each of the case studies.The reference lists found in your prescribed textbook, as well as other texts, are good places to start when searching for additional references. Reliance on websites or textbooks only is NOT an appropriate academic literature s earch and will not help you to achieve higher marks and/or grading. The purpose of this piece of assessment is for you to demonstrate your ability to construct an in-depth and critical analysis discussion on Performance Management topics. In doing so, you are expected to use, and correctly cite, a range of relevant scholarly literature as evidence to justify and support your work.

Michael Jordan and his legacy in the NBA.

Michael Jordan and his legacy in the NBA. Michael Jordan is not only a name; he is a legend and an inspiration. If you ask people in the developed world who this man is, it is likely they will know. Most are aware of Jordan's greatness and skill, and may believe he was born great, but he was not. Only through hard work, triumph, and adversity did this man made himself what he is today, a basketball legend.Mike's parents, James and Deloris Jordan, grew up in Wallace, North Carolina, and met each other at none other than a high school basketball game. On February 17,1963, Deloris gave birth to Michael Jordan. He grew up with three siblings, James Ronald, Larry, and Deloris.While their children were young, Mike's parents taught them the lessons of life and the philosophy of hard work and determination. They all grew up in a poor, sharecropping community in North Carolina. Mike and his brother Larry had a great love for all sports and competition, as did the rest of their family.English: Chicago Bulls. Michael Jordan 1997If a ba seball or football wasn't being thrown around outside, it was checkers or chess inside.Because Mike and his brother loved the game of basketball so much, their parents built them a basketball court in their backyard. Mike and Larry spent the most time on the court, battling it out with each other every day. Although Larry was older, he would not let Mike earn easy victory. He made him work for it, as his father did when they played. The way Mike would play defense on his brother earned him the nickname "the rabbit" because of the way he bounded back and forth after Larry.Mike attended school at D. C. Virgo Junior High School. There he quarterbacked the football team. When he entered high school, he was...

The House Rules Movie

The House Rules Movie â€Å"House Rules† talks about the problems that people encounter in public institutions and housing depending on the location. The first episode is an interview with Jada who discusses her experience in two different schools. One was very discriminatory towards her, the learning environment was not very effective, and the teachers were not eager to make sure that students received proper education. The other school was completely opposite.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The â€Å"House Rules† Movie specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More People there were friendly and helpful. It had a computer lab, a large library and an outside area where students could learn sciences or have a walk between classes. The second episode talks about people who work as testers in New York. Individuals of different races go to buildings and look for apartments. It has been observed that African-Americans were refused an apartme nt more than white individuals. The refusals were not openly discriminatory; people were simply told that there are no apartments available. These cases resulted in lawsuits, and people started to become aware of the problem. The third episode talks about the beginning of the integration of proper housing. There were laws that were set up to make sure that everyone got a fair right to receive housing, but the laws were never enforced. The Fair Housing Act was implemented under the cover of Nixon, so that it would first be implemented and then, the results would be provided. In my personal experience I have noted the difference between schools in different locations. The podcast is very truthful because one school that I have attended was very thorough in the studies, and all the resources were allocated to students and individuals who wanted to learn extra. The teachers were very attentive to the student’s needs, and in case there was a scheduling conflict they would look for a compromise, so that a student would not miss out on the learning opportunity. It is a disturbing fact that so much depends on the location and local organization. The standards of education and housing must be fair and equal for all people and locations. The episode has a great impact on the society because it presents a problem that is still present. People thought that the modern days are free of discrimination, especially in such instances as housing. This type of knowledge has made people aware about discriminatory practices in some areas of the nation, thus leading to a change. It is extremely beneficial that people have gained knowledge because the society can now demand changes in the social make up of the nation, policies and administrations that are put forward by the government.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In order to resolve this issue the laws and re gulations must be changed. It is clear that a lot depends on the individuals in charge of housing. Superintendants must be instructed that engagement in discriminatory or selective practices is not permitted. Of course, there might be some difficulties in enforcing such regulations because it is difficult to monitor such cases. As a solution, the amount of apartments or houses available to the market could be presented publicly, either in the direct location of a residence or in social networks or community centers. The local governments and law enforcing authorities could be monitoring available apartments or houses. Social programs and community leaders could also participate in the enforcement of policies and regulations.

Cool Foods Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cool Foods - Assignment Example While the first part of the report details the areas which the management has to have a thorough review, the later part describes the relative merits and demerits of the application of the modern quality standards. The report is concluded with an outlook of the future of the company and the recommendations that may be considered for driving the company towards an accelerated growth. While the company has already established a clear lead in the market, it becomes important that such a position is retained and at the same time the growth potential of the company is made use of. For this purpose, the company should have a clear business focus in the following two broad areas that determines the outstanding characteristics of any manufacturing enterprise. The areas are: With clear policies on the above areas the company would be able to achieve the maximization of the manufacturing platform which is at the root of the success of any organization. Apart from the above the company should also focus on the enhanced raw material sourcing facility for a drastic reduction in the manufacturing costs. Delivering outstanding customer service is an essential part of any market development exercise. In this area the company may look into the following areas which will enable the company to sustain the customer leadership established by the company: New product innovation and bringing them into the market before the competitors is the basic element in any marketing strategy. Hence much depends on the number of new premium and quality products that the company is able to focus on will further increase the market share of the company Brand Portfolio management is an area which needs the management's attention to increase the brand loyalty of the customers to the existing brands and promoting new and attractive brands to expand the market for the company's products The company can look into new streams of business in the areas of Dairy Products - Milk, Cultured, Cheese and Grocery products - Flour, Pasta, Spreads, Oils, Cake Mixes with a possibility to later on integrate these new streams of businesses with the existing Bakery Stream Another area that can be looked into the establishment of 'Cool Food Fresh' and Cool Food Home Ingredients' to market the existing as well as the new streams of products in the existing and newly expanded markets where the company can introduce new products derived out of product innovations in any of the business streams identified. Market expansion to unexplored countries and markets with long shelf life products is clearly another area the company can co

Essay three Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Three - Essay Example has made in its different facets, from education to the economy and other important aspects of the nations life, while also detailing the work that remains to be done, under the framework of the Constitution, to advance the socialist agenda (â€Å"Constitution of the Peoples Republic of China†). The first chapter talks about general principles, and establishes the socialist essence of the country, in terms of the common ownership of all power and property, the equality of nationalities, the socialist legal and economic systems, and the explicit allowing of foreigners in economic activities, among others. The first chapter also establishes the basic structure of government, and the division of the country politically into provinces, counties, municipalities and cities. The second chapter discusses the rights and duties of the citizens of the Peoples Republic of China, and the listed freedoms include freedom of speech and religion. Rights include home privacy rights, the right to work and to rest, the and the right to education. This chapter also states gender equality in human rights. Chapter 3, meanwhile, details the states structure, and this chapter establishes the pecking order in the structure to have the National Peoples Congress at the very top, with the Standing Comm ittee designated as the body give the power to legislate. The chapter outlines the various powers as well as the functions of the National Peoples Congress as well, to include the power of Constitution amendment, and to remove officials from power, including the countrys President and the head of the Supreme Court. The third chapter is the longest chapter in the Chinese Constitution, and also details many other aspects of the countrys government system, including mechanisms for the local government bodies under the power of the National Peoples Committee and operating at the level of the provincial and local level governments. Chapter 4, finally, establishes Beijing as the seat of the countrys

Healthcare project management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Healthcare project management - Essay Example includes a plan of the Hospital will include working with the community in developing and maintaining a project that will decrease the numbers of teens presently using marijuana. The outcomes of the project will include a decrease in the total number of students using marijuana and a decrease in the amount of violence in school. This will be measured by the overall numbers as captured by the school. The health department will supply general community outcomes data while data retrieved from the school will complete other aspects of the data. The scope of the project will begin with the community that is presently served by the South Brisbane Community Hospital. This will be done through awareness and through accessibility of present programs as well as providing workshops for both teens and their parents in a collaborative effort between the school, health department, and the hospital. When data shows improvement, the program will be extended to the country level and then the state level as appropriate. The objectives of this program will be to provide education and information on the dangers of marijuana use in high school and the violence that it creates in an effort to help these students better understand. It will also provide essential information for parents and other caregivers in understanding the ramifications of use. This project is measureable. Success will be shown by a decrease in the numbers of students using marijuana and in the amount of violent occasions that take place in school. This data will kept monthly, analyzed every six months and reported yearly. The local community has an increasing problem with the use of marijuana by teens in the area. Studies show that violence in schools is directly related to the amount of illicit drug use that happens at the local schools (Cohen, Lowry, and Modzeleski, 2009). There is a lack of awareness of the dangers of marijuana use and presently, it is difficult to access information that is being given

Critique on european imperialism on Heart of Darkness Article

Critique on european imperialism on Heart of Darkness - Article Example Marlow was employed to transport the ivory downriver; however, his major and important pressing assignment was to return Kurtz, of the ivory trader. This symbolic story is basically a story within a story, or known as the frame narrative. It also follows Marlow as he also recounts, from the dusk through to the late night, his main adventure into the Congo towards a group of men who boarded a ship anchored in the Thames Estuary. It should also be noted from a structuralist and main point of view that Marlow was also the name of a town which was situated on the Thames, upstream from London. (Conrad and Najder, 137) Set during the era of the heightened competition for all the imperial territories that most of the historians have termed the New Imperialism, the Heart of Darkness was loosely based on the Conrad's observations and experience during a six-month stint, in the year 1890, in the Congo as being an employee of a Belgian company. This was almost five years after the coferenece 1884-1885 Berlin, a meeting of different representatives of the European powers was held in order to establish the terms according to which most of the continent of Africa would be then divided among them. During this meeting, King Leopold II of Belgium, by playing skillfully with the jealousies and fears of the rival powers off one another, astonishingly tries to be managed in order to secure as his own personal property of the central Africa that is, a territory of about seventy-five times the size of the country which he had ruled. Under the various humanitarian pretenses, Leopold's agents, who had also begun th e process of the conquest several years earlier, also effectively turned the Congo Free State into a camp known as an enormous forced labor camp in order to do the extraction of ivory and, after this, the worldwide rubber also boom in the early 1890s following the popularization of the tire, rubber. Along with this, in order to outright the murders, the slave labor conditions also led to many deaths from the starvation and disease as well as a declining birth rate. During an era in which most of the Europeans viewed the imperialism as a legitimate, most of the falling circumstances of the Leopold's Congo also led to an international outrage. The Conservative demographic estimates therefore place the region's depopulation toll between the 1880 and 1920 at around 10 million people that is around half of the total population along with the worst of the carnage which was occurring between 1890 and 1910. Not much was really known outside the Africa about the conditions of the Leopold's r ule when Conrad was also there, but in the several upcoming years before he began writing the Heart of Darkness, in 1898, it also became an international scandal, and most of the regular reports appeared in the British and also in the European press denouncing all the abuses. When he was writing for Blackwood's Magazine, Britain was in its last years of his Victorian rule. Britain was one of the most powerful and also an influential nation on Earth; its Empire was also spread throughout Europe, Africa and Asia. Joseph Conrad was born in the Ukraine in 1857. African

Reaction paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 20

Reaction paper - Essay Example There are irregularities with the reports that are being disseminated to the public. These information varies from the number of people who died at Auschwitz to the percentage of the buildings are kept from its original state and which have been modified. Some information that was made public has inconsistencies and there have been no concrete proofs of the â€Å"killings† made at Auschwitz. The interview was made in search of the truth and not to make false conclusions and judgments as to what have happened. It is still in the search of the truth as to what have happened to the people at Auschwitz and how they â€Å"disappeared.† It was an unbiased report and just brought out the inconsistencies of the information being disseminated into the public for them to â€Å"believe.† On a personal note, although the issue regarding holocaust can be considered as a sensitive and controversial issue for most people, it needed to be faced and the public should have the responsibility of facing the facts and deciphering

Japanese history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Japanese history - Essay Example Japanese modernization journey progressed further in the Meiji era. Meiji presented an enlightened system of leadership and served to emphasize Japan’s central control in the unequal treaties with Western countries (Waddell and Abe 40). During this period, the administration created a flexible pattern that allowed Japanese to effectively borrow and embrace experiences from other nations. Thus, it empowered technological advancements. The oligarchs too guided the country through beneficial modernization process. Important in this era is the promotion of nationalism and unity among citizens. Furthermore, education progressed patriotism and national pride. In addition, the era addressed shortcomings of the samurai. Despite the significant progress, Japan still experienced challenges. Taika reforms accentuated centralization and enhanced the authority of the imperial court. During the era, Japan rationalized T’ang model, taxation, and land tenure system. Hence, Taika reforms played a crucial role towards rationalizing land and in forming network institutions that assisted the central government. To enhance order in the society, Kamakura shogunal system applied rule by the military aristocracy that occupied predominant local power. The system promoted valuation of land as a measure of wealth. However, it operated in perturbed tandem with the economic and political system positioned in Kyoto. It is also notable that even though the Emperor lacked authority to eliminate old order, he used the system to consolidate his power.

Critique on european imperialism on Heart of Darkness Article

Critique on european imperialism on Heart of Darkness - Article Example Marlow was employed to transport the ivory downriver; however, his major and important pressing assignment was to return Kurtz, of the ivory trader. This symbolic story is basically a story within a story, or known as the frame narrative. It also follows Marlow as he also recounts, from the dusk through to the late night, his main adventure into the Congo towards a group of men who boarded a ship anchored in the Thames Estuary. It should also be noted from a structuralist and main point of view that Marlow was also the name of a town which was situated on the Thames, upstream from London. (Conrad and Najder, 137) Set during the era of the heightened competition for all the imperial territories that most of the historians have termed the New Imperialism, the Heart of Darkness was loosely based on the Conrad's observations and experience during a six-month stint, in the year 1890, in the Congo as being an employee of a Belgian company. This was almost five years after the coferenece 1884-1885 Berlin, a meeting of different representatives of the European powers was held in order to establish the terms according to which most of the continent of Africa would be then divided among them. During this meeting, King Leopold II of Belgium, by playing skillfully with the jealousies and fears of the rival powers off one another, astonishingly tries to be managed in order to secure as his own personal property of the central Africa that is, a territory of about seventy-five times the size of the country which he had ruled. Under the various humanitarian pretenses, Leopold's agents, who had also begun th e process of the conquest several years earlier, also effectively turned the Congo Free State into a camp known as an enormous forced labor camp in order to do the extraction of ivory and, after this, the worldwide rubber also boom in the early 1890s following the popularization of the tire, rubber. Along with this, in order to outright the murders, the slave labor conditions also led to many deaths from the starvation and disease as well as a declining birth rate. During an era in which most of the Europeans viewed the imperialism as a legitimate, most of the falling circumstances of the Leopold's Congo also led to an international outrage. The Conservative demographic estimates therefore place the region's depopulation toll between the 1880 and 1920 at around 10 million people that is around half of the total population along with the worst of the carnage which was occurring between 1890 and 1910. Not much was really known outside the Africa about the conditions of the Leopold's r ule when Conrad was also there, but in the several upcoming years before he began writing the Heart of Darkness, in 1898, it also became an international scandal, and most of the regular reports appeared in the British and also in the European press denouncing all the abuses. When he was writing for Blackwood's Magazine, Britain was in its last years of his Victorian rule. Britain was one of the most powerful and also an influential nation on Earth; its Empire was also spread throughout Europe, Africa and Asia. Joseph Conrad was born in the Ukraine in 1857. African