Civil War Study Guide :: essays research papers

1. Alexander Hamilton - He was one of the earliest and most active nationalists, accept that the continental congress needed to be strengthened or overthrown in favor a new, more imposing federal government that could legislate at heart the states, which the continental congress could not do. Hamilton was the spokesman for an active government, stressing the principle of government "Responsibility", against the Jeffersonian/Madisonian principle of public vigilance and suspicion of government power. Recent scholars corroborate argued that these two philosophies form the thesis-antithesis of the post-revolutionary eraAlexander Hamilton being the figurehead of responsible government.2. Thomas Jefferson - Jeffersons idea for the United States was that of an agricultural nation of yeoman farmers, in channel to the vision of Alexander Hamilton, who envisioned a nation of commerce and manufacturing. Jefferson was a great believer in the uniqueness and the potential of the Unite d States and is often class a forefather of American exceptionalism. American exceptionalism is the idea that the United States and the American people hold a special place in the world, by pass opportunity and hope for humanity, derived from a unique balance of public and private interests governed by constitutional ideals that are focused on personal and economic freedom.3. heat content Clay total heat Clay was known as Mr. Whig because he was one of the founders of the party. He was a 3 time presidential loser. In 1824, he advocated richly gear duties to relieve the prevailing economic distress, which he pictured in a brilliant and effective speech. Although they were caused by the reactionary effect of a disordered gold and the inflated prices of the War of 1812, he ascribed the problems to the countrys dependence on foreign suppliers and markets. He said that the United Kingdom was a shining example of the wisdom of a high tariff and no nation ever flourished without on e. He closed his principal speech on the subject in the House of Representatives with a refulgency appeal in behalf of what he called the "American System."Henry Clays American System was a plan to strengthen the nations economy by tying the North, South, and West together. It called for federal funding of infrastructure improvements (such as the Erie Canal and a series of highways) funded by a raised tariff on imported goods. Using protective tariffs to incite development of domestic industry, and Reliance on domestic financial resources. Henry Clay was only twenty-two, when, as an opponent of slavery, he vainly urged an emancipation article for the new constitution of Kentucky.Civil War Study Guide essays research papers 1. Alexander Hamilton - He was one of the earliest and most active nationalists, accept that the continental congress needed to be strengthened or overthrown in favor a new, more imposing federal government that could legislate inside the states, wh ich the continental congress could not do. Hamilton was the spokesman for an active government, stressing the principle of government "Responsibility", against the Jeffersonian/Madisonian principle of public vigilance and suspicion of government power. Recent scholars live with argued that these two philosophies form the thesis-antithesis of the post-revolutionary eraAlexander Hamilton being the figurehead of responsible government.2. Thomas Jefferson - Jeffersons idea for the United States was that of an agricultural nation of yeoman farmers, in oppose to the vision of Alexander Hamilton, who envisioned a nation of commerce and manufacturing. Jefferson was a great believer in the uniqueness and the potential of the United States and is often classified a forefather of American exceptionalism. American exceptionalism is the idea that the United States and the American people hold a special place in the world, by crack opportunity and hope for humanity, derived from a uni que balance of public and private interests governed by constitutional ideals that are focused on personal and economic freedom.3. Henry Clay Henry Clay was known as Mr. Whig because he was one of the founders of the party. He was a 3 time presidential loser. In 1824, he advocated high duties to relieve the prevailing economic distress, which he pictured in a brilliant and effective speech. Although they were caused by the reactionary effect of a disordered up-to-dateness and the inflated prices of the War of 1812, he ascribed the problems to the countrys dependence on foreign suppliers and markets. He said that the United Kingdom was a shining example of the wisdom of a high tariff and no nation ever flourished without one. He closed his principal speech on the subject in the House of Representatives with a animated appeal in behalf of what he called the "American System."Henry Clays American System was a plan to strengthen the nations economy by tying the North, South, and West together. It called for national funding of infrastructure improvements (such as the Erie Canal and a series of highways) funded by a raised tariff on imported goods. Using protective tariffs to boost development of domestic industry, and Reliance on domestic financial resources. Henry Clay was only twenty-two, when, as an opponent of slavery, he vainly urged an emancipation clause for the new constitution of Kentucky.

The Open Boat :: essays research papers

The Open Boat is a particularly interesting story because of the great detail that author extends and because of the solitary reflections of the characters in stipulation of their demise.The story possesses amazingly vivid description. This attention to detail affords the reader the greatest degree of reading pleasure. Crane paints such glorious images in readers mind with his eloquence. "The first light appeared finally, in its splendor, with a sky of pure blue, and the sunlight flamed on the tips of waves"(387). Artistic sentences of such caliber are non often found. The reader is left with a terrific vision of the perilous sea maintaining its beauty amongst the violence of the wind. "Their back- bones had become thoroughly used to balancing in the boat and they now rode this fierce colt of a dinghy like circus men"(378). Here, again, Crane uses splendid detail to capture the essence of the chaotic situation.Another attribute to the story is the brain wave whi ch the third person narrator offers to the reader regarding the sailors state of mind. Particularly interesting, is the reference to the poem "Bingen on the Rhine". Until the correspondent must contemplate his own death on the cold and desolate seas, he does not realize the tragedy of a soldier of the legion dying in Algiers. Also, not only did he not realize the significance, he says that, "it was less to him than the breaking of a pencils point"(385). Again, towards the end of the story, the narrator describes the bitterness the correspondent feels towards nature when he realizes that after all his efforts he may not live to appreciate his being. Observations such as these are not encountered frequently until confronted with death and the conveyance of these thoughts is insightful and meaningful to the reader.The only depreciative factor in the story is the length.

Robert Altmans Nashville Essay -- essays research papers

Nashville EssayRobert Altmans movie Nashville is based on the policy-making, social, and personal problems that our country has to deal with. These problems are rooted in the battle between the hold to create some false image of success and the need for truth which is the struggle that exists in every character of this film (except Jeff Goldbloom). To show this Robert Altman takes us through Nashvilles Country Music using political commentary, music and realistically portrayed dialogue to tell the story. Altman portrayed politics as sort of a parasite feeding off of the Nashville dream. He used acousmatic sound in two ways to portray these parasitic politics. The first way is the use of the Hall Walker van which was an almost a surreal narrator between scenes. This provided a point of view of what should or should not be done politically. An example of this would be when the van is talking most health care as they show Barbra constituent sitting in her hospital bed with all the flowers and what not as if to set up an away view of the situation. The second way acousmatic sound was used in this political manner was through TV and Radio. Instead of this providing a point of view or an opinion it acted as an informer of the present situation that was undergoing at the time, for example the news casters commenting on Barbra Genes collapse at the airport, or when Barbra Gene is in her hospital bed listening to her replacement, Connie White, sing at the Grand Old Opry. The function...

James Baldwin Essays -- Biography Bio

For The World to See James Baldwin was a man who wrote an exceptional amount of essays. He enticed audiences differing in race, sexuality, ethnic background, governance preference and so much more(prenominal). Each piece is a circulation of emotions and a teeterboard on where he balances personal experiences and worldly events to the way you feel. Not exactly did he have the ability to catch readers attention through writing, but he also appe atomic number 18d on television a few times. Bostons local public television station WGBH, under the leadership of Hartford Gunn, presented an coordinate of educational and cultural programming. Similar to an earlier interview, in a 1963 tapeline of The Negro and the Ameri coffin nail Promise, Baldwin is interviewed by Dr. Kenneth Clark. This happened just months after Alabamas governor, George Wallace, denotative his support of segregation forever (qtd. in phosphate buffer solution Online). To inflect the mishap t hat blacks were not as equal or fairly treated as whites in the mid-twentieth century, two very different African Americans were brought on air. Malcolm X ground his interview on historical and present references, but James Baldwin took a more personal approach. As a grown black male Baldwin had encompassed a range of experiences, both horrifying and gratuitous. Those occurrences most treacherous were a focal superlative when he adds that, It doesnt matter any longer what you do to me you can put me in jail, you can kill me. By the time I was 17, youd done everything that you could do to me (The Negro 2). Reflecting back on take at the Cross for a moment, Baldwin starts by explaining the metamorphosis of both the black girls and boys. Most of his friends became pimps and whores, and the b... ...erance for those who are disrespectful, but realizes that people can and hopefully will change and that we contend each other to change. The New York Times described the James Baldwin segment as a television experience that seared the conscience (qtd. in phosphate buffer solution Online). In one instance Baldwin makes a hearty and honest cant we all get along statement. In short, we, the black and the white, deeply get hold of each other here if we are really to become a nation if we are really, that is, to achieve our identity, our maturity as men and women (Baldwin 342). Works CitedBaldwin, James. Down at the Cross. 1962. James Baldwin Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York Library of America, 1998. 296-347.The Negro and the American Promise. Citizen King. 2004. PBS Online.10 Mar. 2004 . James Baldwin Essays -- Biography Bio For The World to See James Baldwin was a man who wrote an exceptional amount of essays. He enticed audiences differing in race, sexuality, ethnic background, government preference and so much more. Each piece is a circulation of emotions and a teeter-totter on where he balances perso nal experiences and worldly events to the way you feel. Not only did he have the ability to catch readers attention through writing, but he also appeared on television a few times. Bostons local public television station WGBH, under the leadership of Hartford Gunn, presented an array of educational and cultural programming. Similar to an earlier interview, in a 1963 taping of The Negro and the American Promise, Baldwin is interviewed by Dr. Kenneth Clark. This happened just months after Alabamas governor, George Wallace, expressed his support of segregation forever (qtd. in PBS Online). To inflect the possibility that blacks were not as equal or fairly treated as whites in the mid-twentieth century, two very different African Americans were brought on air. Malcolm X based his interview on historical and present references, but James Baldwin took a more personal approach. As a grown black male Baldwin had encompassed a range of experiences, both horrifying and g ratuitous. Those occurrences most treacherous were a focal point when he adds that, It doesnt matter any longer what you do to me you can put me in jail, you can kill me. By the time I was 17, youd done everything that you could do to me (The Negro 2). Reflecting back on Down at the Cross for a moment, Baldwin starts by explaining the metamorphosis of both the black girls and boys. Most of his friends became pimps and whores, and the b... ...erance for those who are disrespectful, but realizes that people can and hopefully will change and that we need each other to change. The New York Times described the James Baldwin segment as a television experience that seared the conscience (qtd. in PBS Online). In one instance Baldwin makes a hearty and honest cant we all get along statement. In short, we, the black and the white, deeply need each other here if we are really to become a nation if we are really, that is, to achieve our identity, our maturity as men and women (Baldwin 342). Works CitedBaldwin, James. Down at the Cross. 1962. James Baldwin Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York Library of America, 1998. 296-347.The Negro and the American Promise. Citizen King. 2004. PBS Online.10 Mar. 2004 .

Genetic Engineering: A Blessing or a Curse? Essay -- essays research p

IntroductionScience is a creature that continues to evolve at a much higher rate than the beings that gave it birth. The transformation time from plant, to ape, to man far exceeds the time from a calculator to a computer. However science in the past has always remained distant. It has allowed for advances in production, transportation, and even entertainment, but never in history has science be able to so deeply affect our lives as genetic applied science will undoubtedly do. With the new technology thither will be, of course, people against it. People who are afraid that genetic engineering and cloning are nothing more than toys of the devil. They fear that it is unsafe. However, I intend genetic engineering is a safe and powerful tool that will yield extraordinary results, specifically in the field of medicine. It will usher in a world where gene defects, bacterial disease, and even aging are a thing of the past. By understanding genetic engineering and its history, discovering its possibilities, and answering the moral and safety questions it brings forth, the blanket of fear covering this remarkable technical miracle can be lifted.The first step to understanding genetic engineering and embraccing its possibilities for society is to obtain a rough knowledge base of its history and method. To start off with, you must somehow find an understanding of how individuals pass on characteristics to their offspring. For instance, in regards to eye colour, a child could fill genius set of genes from his or her father that were encoded one blue, and the other brown. The same child could also receive two brown genes from his or her mother. The conclusion for this inheritance would be the child has a three in four chance of having brown eyes, and a one in three chance of having blue eyes.Genes are transmitted through chromosomes, which reside in the nucleus of every living organisms cells. Each chromosome is made up of fine strands of deoxyribonucleic acids, or DNA . The information carried on the DNA determines the cells function within the organism. "The new science of genetic engineering aims to take a dramatic pitiful cut in the slow process of evolution". In essence, scientists aim to remove one gene from an organisms DNA, and place it into the DNA of another organism. This would create a new DNA strand, full of new envcoded instructions, instru... ...y, it will enjoy its time of realization and come into full use in society. The world is on the scepter of the most exciting step into human evolution ever, and through knowledge and exploration, should welcome it and its possibilities with open arms.- ThomasWorks Cited "Bioethics an Introduction."http//www.med.upenn.edu/bioethic/outreach/bioforbegin/beginners.html. Internet. Genetic Engineering. http//dspace.dial.pipex.com/srtscot/geneng0.shtml. Internet. -*Good Site*- Biosaftey. http//www.icgeb.trieste.it/bsafesrv/. Internet. genetic science and cloning. http//library.t hinkquest.org/19697/. Internet. Roberts, Michael. Biology Nelson Science. Nelson, Thomas Nelson and Sons ltd., 1995,Britanica. The New Encyclopdia Britanica. University of Chicago, Pan American, 1988.Yount, Lisa. Genetics and Genetic Engineering. US, Facts on File, New York Clarke, Bryan C. Genetic Engineering. Microsoft (r) Encarta. Microsoft Corporation, Funk & Wagnalls Corporation, 1998. Lewin, Seymour Z. Nucleic Acids. Microsoft (r) Encarta. Microsoft Corporation, Funk & Wagnalls Corporation http//www.greenpeace.org/geneng/. Internet. create verbally by Thomas Grome

Genetic Engineering: A Blessing or a Curse? Essay -- essays research p

IntroductionScience is a creature that continues to evolve at a much higher rate than the beings that gave it birth. The transformation time from plant, to ape, to human far exceeds the time from a calculator to a computer. However light in the by has always remained distant. It has allowed for advances in production, transportation, and even entertainment, but never in history has science be able to so deeply affect our lives as transmitted engineering will undoubtedly do. With the new technology there will be, of course, people against it. People who argon afraid that genetic engineering and cloning are no liaison more than toys of the devil. They fear that it is unsafe. However, I believe genetic engineering is a safe and powerful tool that will yield whimsical results, specifically in the field of medicine. It will usher in a world where gene defects, bacterial disease, and even aging are a thing of the past. By understanding genetic engineering and its history, discovering its possibilities, and answering the moral and safety questions it brings forth, the blanket of fear covering this remarkable technical miracle tin be lifted.The first step to understanding genetic engineering and embraccing its possibilities for society is to obtain a rough knowledge base of its history and method. To start away with, you must somehow find an understanding of how individuals pass on characteristics to their offspring. For instance, in regards to eye colour, a child could receive star set of genes from his or her get down that were encoded one blue, and the other brown. The same child could also receive two brown genes from his or her mother. The conclusion for this inheritance would be the child has a common chord in four chance of having brown eyes, and a one in three chance of having blue eyes.Genes are transmitted through chromosomes, which reside in the nucleus of every living organisms cells. Each chromosome is made up of fine strands of deoxyribonucleic acids, or DNA. The information carried on the DNA determines the cells function within the organism. "The new science of genetic engineering aims to take a dramatic short cut in the slow process of evolution". In essence, scientists aim to remove one gene from an organisms DNA, and place it into the DNA of another organism. This would create a new DNA strand, full of new envcoded instructions, instru... ...y, it will enjoy its time of realization and bewilder into full use in society. The world is on the brink of the most exciting step into human evolution ever, and through knowledge and exploration, should welcome it and its possibilities with straight-from-the-shoulder arms.- ThomasWorks Cited "Bioethics an Introduction."http//www.med.upenn.edu/bioethic/outreach/bioforbegin/beginners.html. Internet. transmitted Engineering. http//dspace.dial.pipex.com/srtscot/geneng0.shtml. Internet. -*Good Site*- Biosaftey. http//www.icgeb.trieste.it/bsafesrv/. Internet. Gene tics and cloning. http//library.thinkquest.org/19697/. Internet. Roberts, Michael. Biology Nelson Science. Nelson, Thomas Nelson and Sons ltd., 1995,Britanica. The New Encyclopdia Britanica. University of Chicago, Pan American, 1988.Yount, Lisa. Genetics and Genetic Engineering. US, Facts on File, New York Clarke, Bryan C. Genetic Engineering. Microsoft (r) Encarta. Microsoft Corporation, Funk & Wagnalls Corporation, 1998. Lewin, Seymour Z. Nucleic Acids. Microsoft (r) Encarta. Microsoft Corporation, Funk & Wagnalls Corporation http//www.greenpeace.org/geneng/. Internet.Written by Thomas Grome

Effects of Music Essay

medicine and Its beliefuate on Our Emotions Can melody Re e real last(predicate)y Change Your Mood? symphony stooge conquer a a great deal larger part of your life than nigh pack would worry to believe. Music flowerpot affect us in ways in which were not raze aw are of, and for this reason, medical specialty is simply amazing. There is a large number of studies behind medication. Not raze just the typical unison you try away on the radio or that you follow throughload from the Internet, that any sounds and the way they buttocks affect your mood and reflect your person eachity. It has been try outn that certain slips of medicinal drug substructure evoke regret, art object new(prenominal)s can give you an excitement. Music is used in millions of places for this reason. Advertisements. Advertisements and movies are based around the audio Certain types of melody are lots than plausibly to evoke emotions in state which will in turn make them quality a ce rtain way. Sometimes this is great for producers in the prudence be front they can use melody in their advertisements to friend produce to a greater extent profits, because people will be surface much to a greater extent interested in the products that theyre offering. This works the same in the film industry. The film industry is interested in inflicting nigh sort of mood on its audience.If a movie is equal to(p) to inflict an emotion into people, then the movie is looked upon as a much better movie, and therefore is much de ally to make more bullion. Music can solidly affect more parts of the economy than you would ever even take into consideration. One amazing thing, that Im sure youve never even stopped to think well-nigh, is the unison in a casino. They tend to execute very(prenominal) uplifting music, music that will make you want to pose drawn-out. Theoretically, the longer you stay in a casino, the more money the casino will make from you. The casino wants to keep you in their business for as long as they can. Music is one way the owners can go more or less this. Another irrelevant yet interesting method they bring in is to release scents that cause people to become more satisfied with what theyre doing, and will make them in turn be more comfortable in the environment and want to stay longer, making the casino more money in the long cash in ones chips.Pop, lighter rock, and most dance music tends to be a very uplifting type of music. If youre ever looking for a booster, listen to some of this music I actually enjoy listening to this music any day in the come forwarding signal place going to take enlightenes, because it lifts my spirit and helps me make it through the day. Down sustain music much(prenominal) as death metal and rap music tends to affect peoples emotions in a much darker form. However, this is all personal optence and you cannotbase all of this on my opinion. Overall, music has a much greater affect on you than you would believe. Experiment. Listen to new music all the time. See what music gives you chills down your spine. See what music you cant understand and hate. Theres something out there for everyone.The Effects of MusicIn some way, music affects everyone. Whether it is, a young girls favorite song on the radio, a college scholars escape from reality or a form of stick intainment to a married coupling, music brings everyone together. Music definitely affects the lifestyles of people in legion(predicate) unlike ways. The diverse styles of music makes people look and act differently. Music has many different directs. To me, levels meaning the more independent and progressive the music is, the more the fans take it to the extreme. Music creates style. It causes people to talk, act, and dress the way they do. I commit to discover how much music influences people, especially college students.Also, the more fascinated they are the more influences it has to them. I would like to prove , that to some, music is nothing more than the pop song playing on the radio in the car, and to others, it is a major part of their life. It is very interesting to me, to learn the do music has toward people. Music impacts everyone in some way (positive or negative), but I think it impacts college students the most. I would like to lie with the reasons people are listening to music they buy and support. Also, the reasons certain groups are more popular than others.I used a couple various methods of question to conduct my research. I wrote up ten surveys with some questions about gender, age, what they buy, do they attend concerts, and do they support local anesthetic music. I p throneed these surveys out to completely stochastic students so there was no imbalance of the results. I hope to note out certain things like are males affected more than females from music who buys more clothing/ accessories is local music important to college students.Another form of research was done by making some observations. I sight places that college students live. I observed a few of my friends apartments very closely and as well observed a couple other houses that I wasinvited to over the past month. By doing this, I hope to generalize what they like and how it influences them. For example, posters of music groups hanging everywhere will indicate a more of an influence than paintings, by say Picasso. Clothing, jewelry, and actual speech from people may as well as provide some interesting details. While making these observations, I had likewise done a couple interviews. A couple were formal, induct interviews and the others were just conversations that I thought would be helpful to making my research complete.After giving some thought to my results, I decided to add a section about my personal history. Throughout my life music has affected me in many different ways. It has helped me through some very important decisions, such as, how I feel, who I am with, where I am going to go.When I was ten years old, I got my first guitar. It was an acoustic guitar. I loved to play it, but dreaded going to the lessons. My parents forced me because I couldnt play a single note. After a year or dickens things started to come together and I could play some songs. Then I decided to purchase an electric guitar. For me, this was the greatest thing to ever happen to me. I contend everyday at any time that I could. My favorite group was the Beastie Boys. My friends and I would pretend we were them and put on shows pretending to be them.As I got older, I would purchase any music that I could cassette tapes, records, videos, posters, anything that dealt with music. Around seventh or eighth grade, I purchased a used drum set. My other friends all played, so we decided to form a band. We would practice in the garage as much as often until my parents tell overflowing, until it became an obsession. We played a couple of parties (nothing big, because this was the eigh th grade), but equable a major part of my life at the time.One day during practice, I remember my good friend, the lead singer, apprisal me booked a real gig, in downtown Pittsburgh. We got a set ready and about a month to practice our songs. The place was called the Electric Banana, it was real dive bar. Most people there were friends and family, but stock-still a nice turnout. Since then I occupynt been playing in a band, but still love making music. Most of my friends are really into music too. We swap musicwith each other and talk about it all the time. When I switched schools in high school, music really helped me make some friends. Without music my life would be totally different and a lot more boring, so Im glad it turned out this way.I am very happy with the results that I got from the surveys. There were ten surveys filled out. Of the ten, half dozen were females and four were males. Eight of the ten all liked rap/hip hop music or said rap along with some other forms. The other two liked rock, punk, or emo. No one put classic rock as their choice (which I found to be very interesting, because I like classic rock).There were two other questions I found to be very much related. Everyone that collects music, any form, (CD, cassette tape, or vinyl) has clothing and/or accessories that support music, for instance, posters, T-shirts, and hats. Four out of ten said they regularly attend concerts. I was very pleased to understand that eight of ten support local musicians/bands. I am a music lover, (as you know) so the local scene is very important to me. Here is a graph I constructed from the surveys.Females Males 60% 40%The interviews came out to be very useful also. I talked to a music lover/musician/collector. His name was Neil and he was very cooperative. We talked about the unusual styles of music he liked. He has a very wide range of music in his collection. We talked about some of his favorite artists, some being Pittsburgh based groups. He loves live music and goes to as many shows as possible. He said its hard to get to places without a car and with classes He also said I just saw The Roots play for my sixth time last week, at a little place in Oakland. We were talking about how they are definitely one of his favorites, if he had to pick. I asked him why he was so into music. He replied Its a tensity reliever. It takes my mind off school, work, and peoples pettiness.Another interview that I performed was not as formal. This one was with my dad at the dinner table. It was pretty short and to the point. I asked him if he likes music. He said No. I then asked him if he ever listens to it and he said No, when I am in the car I listen to the give-and-take or talk radio and when Im home Im either working or watching TV. After doing this research, I cognize that by doing interviews you can really feel the emotion from the answers compared to reading a survey. I think that interviews did help me make certain things easier to understand on the survey.The Effects of Music on Peoples EmotionsBy Rachel Mattison, eHow Contributor , last updated July 02, 2012 Movie producers and recording artists use music to manipulate the emotions of audiences to feel everything from excitement to sadness during movies and carrying outs. No one can deny that music has either positive or negative effects on the emotions of listeners. However, music therapy or the study of musics impact on emotions examines how music cause positive changes in listeners and patients for areas including early childhood development, bring arounding and recovery, and overcoming negative emotions. 1. Early Childhood Development* Music plays an important role in early childhood emotional and intellectual development, according to information compiled by Brad Kennedy and Jennifer Durst. Their research confirms that even bandage in the womb, babies can tell the differences between certain types of music. Also called prenatal stimulation this techn ique has many positive effects including higher levels of intelligence and creativity, along with the competency to calm down when listening to music. Suggested usages for music in early childhood development include teaching children to analyze songs so they can learn how to give tongue to and identify their emotions, though processes, behaviors and situations as a way of developing cognitive and motor skills. Healing and Recovery* The American Music Therapy Organization states music therapy canallow emotional intimacy with families and caregivers, heartsease for the faultless family, and meaningful time spent together in a positive, creative way. Additional studies show that music therapy can cause changes in physiology by releasing brain chemicals including melatonin, norephinephrine, epinephrine, serotonin and prolactin, which help to reduce depression, regulate mood and make patients feel calm and more able to sleep.Doctors have used music therapy to help stroke, cerebral p alsy and Parkinsons patients improve. Dr. Suzanne Hasner says pointedness trauma and dementia patients retain music ability because thick(p) in our long-term reminiscence is this rehearsed music. It is processed in the emotional part of the brain, the amygdala. Heres where you remember the music played at your wedding, the music of your first love, that first dance. Such things can still be remembered even in people with progressive diseases. It can be a window, a way to action them. *Negative Emotions and Fear Management* Dr. Zbigniew Kucharski, from the Medical Academy of Warsaw, has studied the effects of music when used for fear management in dental patients. He spy that children who listened to 30 proceedings of music preceding and following dental procedures were less likely to experience negative feelings. Another study, Quantification of the effects of listening to music as a noninvasive method of pain control, conducted in 1992 found that reposeful music helped to re duce anxiety and pain in patients undergoing certain medical procedures including dreadful gynecological procedures and pediatric surgical burn units.How Music Affects Us and Promotes HealthMusic is one of the few activities that involves using the whole brain. It is intrinsic to all cultures and can have surprising benefits not only for learning language, improving memory and focusing attention, but also for physical coordination and development. Of course, music can be distracting if its too loud or too jarring, or if it competes for our attention with what were trying to do. But for the most part, exposure to many variants of music has beneficial effects 1Music healsEffective therapy for painOverall, music does have positive effects on pain management. Music can help reduce both the sensation and melancholy of both chronic pain and postoperative pain. listen to music can reduce chronic pain from a range of painful conditions, including osteoarthritis, disc problems and decre pit arthritis, by up to 21% and depression by up to 25%, according to a paper in the latest UK-based Journal of Advanced Nursing29. Music therapy is increasingly used in hospitals to reduce the need for medication during childbirth, to shine postoperative pain and complement the use of anesthesia during surgery30. There are some(prenominal) theories about how music positively affects perceived pain* 1. Music serves as a distractor* 2. Music may give the patient a sense of control* 3. Music causes the body to release endorphins to counteract pain* 4. Slow music unstuffes person by slowing their breathing and heartbeat Reducing blood insistencyBy playing recordings of restful music every morning and evening, people with high blood drag can train themselves to lower their blood pressure and keep it low31. According to research reported at the American Society of Hypertension meeting in New Orleans, listening to just 30 minutes of clear, Celtic or raga music every day may signifi cantly reduce high blood pressure.Medicine for the heartmusic is good for your heart. explore shows that it is melodic tempo, rather than style. Italian and British researchers32 recruited young men and women, half of whom were trained musicians. The participants slipped on head phones and listened to six styles of music, including rap and classical pieces, with random two-minute pauses. As the participants kicked back and listened, the researchers monitored their breathing, heart rates and blood pressure. The participants had faster heart and breathing rates when they listened to lively music.When the tuneful slowed, so did their heart and breathing rates. Some results were surprising. During the musical pauses, heart and breathing rates normalized or reached more optimal levels. Whether or not a person liked the style of music did not matter. The tempo, or pace, of the music had the greatest effect on relaxation.Speeds Post-Stroke RecoveryA daily portion of ones favorite pop me lodies, classical music or jazz can speed recovery from debilitating strokes, according to the latest research. When stroke patients in Finland listened to music for a couple of hours each day, verbal memory and attention span improved significantly compared to patients who received no musical stimulation, or who listened only to stories read out loud, the study reports33.Chronic headaches & migraine indemnificationMusic can help migraine34 and chronic headache35 sufferers reduce the intensity, frequency, and duration of the headaches. Music boosts immunityMusic can boost the immune function. Scientists explain that a grumpy type of music can create a positive and profound emotional experience, which leads to secretion of immune-boosting hormones22. This helps contribute to a reduction in the factors responsible for illness. Listening to music or singing can also decrease levels of stress-related hormone cortisol. Higher levels of cortisol can lead to a decreased immune response23 -24.2Effects of music on the brainMusic enhances intelligence, learning and IQThe idea that music makes you smarter received considerable attention from scientists and the media. Listening to music or playing an creature can actually make you learn better. And research confirms this. Music has the power to enhance some kinds of higher brain function * Reading and literacy skills11-13* Spatial-temporal reasoning14-15* Mathematical abilities16-17 however children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder benefit in mathematics tests from listening to music beforehand.*Emotional intelligenceThe Mozart effectEarlier it has been thought that listening to classical music, curiously Mozart, enhances performance on cognitive tests. However, recent fetchings18 show that listening to any music that is personally enjoyable has positive effects on cognition.Music improves memory performanceThe power of music to affect memory is quite intriguing. Mozarts music and baroque music, with a 60 beats per minute beat pattern, activates the left and right brain. The simultaneous left and right brain action maximizes learning and retention of information. The information being studied activates the left brain term the music activates the right brain. Also, activities which engage both sides of the brain at the same time, such as playing an instrument or singing, cause the brain to be more capable of processing information. Listening to music facilitates the recall of information19. Researchers have shown that certain types of music are a great keys for recalling memories.Information learned while listening to a particular song can often be recalled simply by playing the songs mentally. Musical training has even better effect than just listening to classical music. There is clear evidence20, that children who take music lessons develop a better memory compared with children who have no musical training. line of work For learning or memory performance, its important that m usic doesnt have a outspoken component otherwise youre more likely to remember the words of the background song than what youre supposed to be recalling.Music improves concentration and attentionEasy listening music or relaxing classics improves the duration and intensity of concentration in all age groups and ability levels. Its not clear what type of music is better, or what kind of musical structure is necessary to help, but many studies have shown significant effects21. 3Music improves physical performanceMusic improves athletic performanceChoosing music that motivates you will make it easier to start moving, walking, dancing, or any other type of exercise that you enjoy. Music can make exercise feel more like recreation and less like work. Furthermore, music enhances athletic performance6-8 Anyone who has ever gone on a long run with their iPod or taken a particularly energetic spinning class knows that music can make the time pass more quickly. The four central hypotheses exp laining musics facilitation of exercise performance include* Reduction in the feeling of fatigue* Increase in levels of psychological rousing* Physiological relaxation response* Improvement in motor coordinationMusic improves body parkway and coordinationMusic reduces muscle tension and improves body movement and coordination25-26. Music may play an important role in developing, maintaining and restoring physical functioning in the renewal of persons with movement disorders. 4Music helps to work more productivelyFatigue fighterListening to eudaimonia music can be a great way to find some extra energy. Music can effectively eliminate exercise-induced fatigue9 and fatigue symptoms caused by monotonous work10. Keep in mind that listening to too much pop and hard rock music can make you more jittery than energized. Vary what you listen to and find out what type of music is most beneficial for you. You could try classical music one day, pop the adjoining day and jazz the third. Music improves productivityMany people like to listen to music while they work and I am certainly one of them. How about you? Did you know you can perform better at your work with music? Whilst there may be many reasons for wishing to listen to music in the workplace, it really improves your productivity27 According to a report in the journal Neuro comprehension of appearance and Physiology28, a persons ability to recognize visual images, including letters and numbers, is faster when either rock or classical music is playing in the background. 5Music calms, relaxes and helps to sleepRelaxing music induces sleepRelaxing classical music is safe, cheap and easy way to beat insomnia1. Many people who suffer from insomnia find that Bach music helps them. Researchers have shown that just 45 minutes of relaxing music before bedtime can make for a restful night2. Relaxing music reduces sympathetic nervous system activity, decreases anxiety, blood pressure, heart and respiratory rate and may hav e positive effects on sleep via muscle relaxation and distractionfrom thoughts. Music reduces stress and aids relaxationListening to slow, quiet classical music, is proven to reduce stress3. Countless studies have shown that musics relaxing effects can be seen on anyone, including newborns. One of the great benefits of music as a stress reliever is that it can be used while you do your usual deeds so that it really doesnt take time. How does music reduces stress?* Physical relaxation. Music can promote relaxation of filter out muscles, enabling you to easily release some of the tension you carry from a stressful day. * Aids in stress relief activities. Music can help you get into the zone when practicing yoga, self hypnosis or guided imagery, can help you feel energized when exercising and recover after exercising, help dissolve the stress when youre soaking in the tub.* Reduces negative emotions. Music, especially upbeat tunes, can take your mind off what stresses you, and help yo u feel more optimistic and positive. This helps release stress and can even help you keep from getting as stressed over lifes little frustrations in the future. Researchers discovered4 that music can decrease the amount of the cortisol, a stress-related hormone produced by the body in response to stress. 6Music improves mood and decreases depressionPrescription for the bluesMusics ability to heal the soul is the stuff of legend in every culture. Many people find that music lifts their spirits. Modern research tends to confirm musics purgative benefits5. Bright, cheerful music (e.g. Mozart, Vivaldi, bluegrass, Klezmer, Salsa, reggae) is the most obvious prescription for the blues.The 5 Weirdest Ways Music Can Mess With the Human BrainBy C. Coville, Kathy Benjamin February 11, 2011 1,619,046 views The entire reason music exists is because of its almost magical ability to push your buttons. An upbeat song gets you going, a sad song makes you cry and drink. But the more science studies musics effect on the human brain, the more bizarre things we discover. For instance 5.It Changes Your Ability to Perceive Timeold music the stuff you hear on the line when you call everyone from the bank to your local bail bond agency didnt fall into Americas phone lines by accident. Its designed specifically to reduce the amount of time you think youre waiting, so that youre less likely to hang up in anger. another(prenominal) places that involve waiting, such as doctors offices, use a similar trick. Time shrinkage is also the aim of most retail stores, which is why youll rarely enter a mall, supermarket or clothing store without hearing some sort of music in the background. How the hell does music do that?To understand why just music makes it seem like less time has passed, think of the human brain as a mountain lion that is eating a root word of money. It doesnt matter what the zookeepers distract it with food, shiny objects or just shouting and yelling. All that matters is that they give another zookeeper the chance to sneak up and retrieve the money while the lion is busy deciding which one of them to eat. Similarly, when your brain is steadily distracted, youll be less likely to notice things around you in detail, and this includes the passage of time. Our brains have limited input capacity, and when something else is using up that capacity, were less likely to think things like, Ive been standing in line to get Richard Molls autograph for three goddamn hours or Do I really need this Garfield alarm clock? But it works the opposite way, too. In some situations, listening to music can actually expand perceived time.For example, listening to music while performing tasks that require concentration will usually cause us to overestimate the amount of time that has passed. The theory is that as your mind switches back and forth between perception of the music and concentration on the dispute tasks, it forms separate events, or distinct memories. When you r brain thinks about what youve been doing for the past hour, youll remember more of these events and recall that the hour was quite long.Experiments have found that time also expands when were listening to familiar music that we dislike. When we hear the opening chords of a song, our brain remembers the whole thing and immediately skips ahead and plays it mentally. This fake mind-music isextremely vivid, working on exactly the same parts of the brain as actual music does. So the effect is that you take a few moments to vividly forecast that youre sitting through five minutes of that damn New Radicals song before you come back to reality only to realize that you still actually have to sit through it. 4.It Taps Into Primal FearOK, imagine how you would sound for a second if you saw your friend Jason across the roadway and wanted to get his attention by yelling his name. Now imagine you see your friend Jason across the street, suddenly realize a car is careening down the road about to hit him, and shout his name to warn him.Despite the fact that you are yelling the same thing both times, even in your head you can hear how the two sound different. Human beings have a very good, very nuanced sense of what kind of dissonance indicates a greeting and what kind of noise indicates you are about to be mauled by a honey badger. And that sense is being used against you in every scary movie you have ever seen. There is a reason that horror films scare the crap out of us, and its not just the creepy settings, dramatic buildup and sudden break off of the bad guy RIGHT BEHIND YOU. Its the music. How the hell does music do that?There are certain sounds that humans will automatically familiar with sudden and painful death because they tap into our evolutionary fear of the screams of other animals (and other human beings). Screams of fear in almost any animal are made up of what scientists have dubbed discordant noises. Any noise that makes you feel very unpleasant falls i nto this category. We know if we hear other living things making those discordant noises that we have to get the fuck out, because something bad is going to happen. Movie directors know this and make good use of it when deciding on the score for a film. That dramatic buildup and subsequent scary reveal is almost always accompanied by really freaky music or somebody screaming his ass off (or both). But this technique is hardly limited to horror movies.For instance, in his original draft of The Social Network, Andy Sorkin wanted a song called Love of the commonalty People to play over the opening credits scene. Heres what that would have looked like That poppy calypso music makes you feel that everything is dandy. Sure, Mark Zuckerberg has just been dumped,but its all OK Hes running through the Harvard campus and is about to invent Facebook and become a billionaire. YayListen to that lower-level background music throughout. It sounds like random, angry notes played behind a simple pi ano tune, and those notes are creating discordant sound. Suddenly youre apprehensive, feeling like something really bad is about to happen (were talking getting sued for $64 million bad). So contiguous time youre getting a little too freaked out by a movie, remember that muting the television is a far better decision than looking away.3.It Makes You StrongerIts no secret that many people prefer to listen to music when they work out. But music doesnt just make physical activity more pleasant it actually makes our physical performance measurably better. When listening to music, people are able to hold heavy weights for longer than when theyre standing in silence. They can also complete sprints in smaller amounts of time and are even able to reduce their oxygen intake. How the hell does music do that?Similar to the time-perception effect we referenced above, one constituent is just plain old distraction. Obviously, if your mind is listening to music, its not thinking about how much your legs hurt or how much longer youve got to run before the treadmill makes that final beeping noise. But theres much more to it than that. First, theres synchronicity. When you match your movements to a steady musical tempo, you go across less time and effort on the inefficient slowing down and speeding up that happens when youre going by your own rhythm. Music also increases the incidence of flow states states of meditation-like calm in which everything works right for an athlete and that is strongly linked to enhanced performance.Music can even make you feel less pain. Patients listening to music after surgery need less sedatives, report less pain and have lower blood pressure. As if thats not impressive enough, doctors have found that specially selected melodic music dramatically reduces stress in patients during unsedated brain surgery. In some cases, music caused patients to relax so much that many of them fell into a deep sleep, while people sliced into their exposed brai ns with fucking scalpels. And even if youre lucky enough to be asleep duringsurgery, theres a good chance the doctors working on you are listening to music, since most surgeons believe it improves their performance, too. So the next time youre about to go under a general anesthetic, consider the fact that the guy with the scalpel might soon be timing his incisions to Whitesnake. 2.It Changes Your beverage HabitsDid you ever wake up in the back of a taxi after a long night of tossing down cognac and prune juice and applaud how your pants got replaced by a thick but clumsily applied coat of colorful body paint? Well, now theres something to demonic it on besides your bad childhood music. What they play in the bar doesnt just affect how much you drink, but what you drink.How the hell does music do that?Did you know you can make a person buy more expensive wine just by playing classical music? Experiments prove it. It makes people feel like theyre in a wine commercial or in a movie d epicting refined, snooty full-bodied people. OK, that one sort of makes sense we doubt anyone ever drank Wild Irish Rose while listening to Vivaldi. But in another blind study, different types of music playing in the background caused drinkers to change how theyd described the drinks they already had. Laid-back music led people to rate drinks as mellow, and upbeat music resulted in more people calling their drinks refreshing. Even stranger, in another study researchers placed German and French wines in supermarkets, with small flags next to each display so customers could tell which countries they came from.They then played some unobtrusive international music in the background. When German music was played, the percentage of German sales rose, and vice versa. This wasnt because customers thought to themselves, Ah Germany I will celebrate the Fatherland with some nice wine Questionnaires showed that customers couldnt recall what type of music was playing and thought theyd chosen a particular wine simply because theyd felt like it. The people selling you the drinks know all of this stuff or at least, the successful ones do. Weve pointed out before that bars and nightclubs often play fast music to increase alcohol-based profit. But other establishments, particularly upscale restaurants, prefer slow, relaxing music, which,believe it or not, can also make you drink more.The tempo of music is linked to your bodys arousal level, or the speed at which your nervous system operates. Fast music heightens arousal (heh), so patrons will do everything more quickly, including eating and drinking and divergence their infant by the salad bar. Which is good for a restaurant owner if hes just concerned with getting you out the door so he can serve more (and presumably better) people. On the other hand, slower music means that you eat at a more leisurely pace. maybe youll even stay to chat with your companions after youre done with your meal. All this time passing means your e likely to buy more drinks every time the waiter comes around to ask, and at a restaurant thats charging $70 a bottle, that makes up for any lost table space. Some restaurants go as far as to purchase a personalized selection of songs specially designed by sound branding companies, which select songs based on whatever tempo or atmosphere the restaurant is aiming to achieve. 1.It Makes You a Better CommunicatorHow does a narcissistic ass like John Mayer, who isnt even that attractive, still have hot women of all ages throwing themselves at him? Its the guitar, isnt it?Actually, a trained musician like Mayer would probably be able to talk a woman into his bed without ever even playing a note. It turns out that studying music gives you an advantage when it comes to perceiving the emotions of others, so all those years of being set up to a piano as a child are finally going to work in your favor.People who can play instruments at near-professional level can detect subtle emotional cha nges and intonations in the vocal tones of others. In other words, they know whether you are actually sad when you say youre fine, even when most non-musicians would have no idea. Not only that, but the fact that they studied music makes them better able to tune out background noise, so they are even better at paying attention to what you are saying in that crowded restaurant or bar. How the hell does music do that?Research shows that people who have studied music actually have brains wired differently than non-musicians. This rewiring makes them better able to express emotions they are feeling, but it also makes them more able to understand the emotions others express. Music is very emotional, and peoplewired to understand those subtle emotional changes can also detect them in the vocal tones of someone talking. The emotion of the music translates to knowing when your boss is secretly mad or your mother is secretly disappointed.The sooner you start learning music, the more articul ate this re-wiring is. Scientists think that teaching children music might help kids with autism better understand vocal cues and encode speech. The fact that this brain re-wiring helps them tune out background noise could also help kids stay focused in noisy classrooms. It is also something that gets better the more you play, so sticking to your piano lessons now could lead to a powerful advantage in your future dating world.Read more http//www.cracked.com/article_19006_the-5-weirdest-ways-music-can-mess-with-human-brain_p2.htmlixzz0MMCXjaIv Music is one of many important parts of our lives because it can be an rise not only to reduce each of our mental tension but also to inspire our feelings in artistic sense.Then, there are only two subtopics to develop into two paragraphs in the body1) music is an approach to reduce peoples mental tension2) music inspires peoples feelings in artistic sense

Vershire Porter’s Five Forces

1. Prepargon an industry analysis using Porters 5 Forces model. What are the key determinants of Vershires aluminium derriere profitability? Explain. (20%) * Barriers to entry I would suggest that the barriers to entry are relatively high in this industry. Although there would not be huge capital requirement to enter into the aluminum bums producing business and guest-switching be are considered to be low, the fact is that the competition in this industry is actually intense. There are already many aluminium cans manufacturers exist in the market, with some greathearted package manufacturers dominating the market shares.Some large beverage processors heretofore manufacture cans themselves ( bingle large beverage company produced one-third of its own container requirement and ranked one of the top five beverage producers in the industry). Also, three of the worldwide aluminum supplier companies also themselves manufacture aluminum containers. Although there would be high dem and in the industry (from both small and large breweries and loco drink bottlers), there are too many competitors that could keep new entrants out of the market. * Power of suppliers There are four global companies supplied aluminum to can producers UC Rusal, Alcoa, Alcan, Chalco (as shown below).There are many buyers (can producers) in the market while there are only few major suppliers. In addition, aluminum is a highly tell product. Resources of bauxites, the raw material for aluminum, are not wide propagate throughout the world. The main deposit of high-quality bauxites are already dived by those main players. Therefore, whoever owns the resources wins the game. Today the walloping Ten aluminium manufacturers are Although it can be argued that steel is one of the substitutes, aluminum has many advantages over steel it is easier to shape and allowing more(prenominal) attractive packaging it reduces the problems of flavouring and it educes the transportation costs because of i ts lighter weight. Therefore, there would be constant demand for aluminum because of its beneficial nature. According to the above, I would say that the power of supplier is extremely high in the aluminum can manufacture industry. * Buyer (customer) power Buyer power is relatively high in the aluminum can manufacturing industry. Their buyers are primarily the overstuffed drink bottlers, which are small independent franchisees of Coca-Cola and Pepsi Cola. Most of these customers maintained at least two or more suppliers and spread purchases among those suppliers.Thus, in order to retain customers, division must meet customers cost and quality specification or its standards for delivery and service, otherwise customer would turn to another supplier. * Threat of substitutes As I have mentioned above, one of the substitutes of aluminum can is steel can. Yet there are a allot of advantages of aluminum over steel. A ton of scrap aluminum has almost three times the value of a ton of scra p steel. Other substitutes for breweries and soft drink bottlers would be plastic or glass bottle.An study conducted by the metal can industry leader, Silgan Containers, revealed that 81 percent of shoppers prefer metal cans compared to 9 percent for plastic and 6 percent for glass. In addition, Aluminum is a more attractive recycling material compare to steel, plastic or glass. A US record also showed that 56 billion aluminum cans were recycled in 2010. Aluminum never wear out, it can be recycled forever. Therefore, aluminum is still considered to be the most attractive material for the can manufacturing business. * Rivalry amongst competitorsCompetition is high in this industry in term of supplier power, customer power and number of competitors as mentioned above. Conclusion As Vershire is one of the largest manufacturers of aluminum cans in the industry, it is assumed that it has access to sufficient raw material to produce aluminum cans. They would also have large number of loya l customers but just the matters of maintaining their high level of products and on-time delivery. I would argue that the key determinants of Vershires aluminium can profitability would be the costs of the production. A lower costs while maintaining its quality can attract new customers.Thus, the relationship with suppliers could become critical. Vershire could renegotiate prices and develop long-term relationship with one or two suppliers. Cutting costs in purchasing can be a big saving for the company. Vershire could also improve its production cogency to eliminate unnecessary production costs. 2. Which of Porters generic strategies is Vershire following? (10%) Porter claims that there are two ways of responding to the opportunities in the external milieu and developing a competitive advantage, there are cost leadership and differentiator.Veshire would most likely be a cost leader. Aluminum can itself is not a highly differentiated product. Every metal can manufacturer produces the same kind of product. In addition, most of the customers maintain two or more suppliers. In other word, if a manufacturer failed to meet the customers cost and quality specification, it is very likely that the manufacturer would lose the customers. Therefore, being a cost leader is essential in this industry and it is the strategy adopted in Vershire.

Food Test to Determine the Presence of Reducing Sugars and Non-Reducing Sugars Essay

Apparatus/Materials Bunsen burner Solutions A, B, C, D, E, F and G (unknown) Measuring Syringes move Rod Beakers Test tubes (7)plus holder and tray Copper sulphate consequence (CuSO4) White dropping ray tripod stand and mesh -stopwatch Biuret? s base Sodium hydrated oxide solution (NaOH) (or Potassium Hydroxide solution) Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) Sodium Hydrogencarbonate (NaHCO3) Iodine Solution(I2) (or Potassium Iodide solution) Ethanol (C2H5OH) distilled water (H2O) Test Method Reducing Sugars 2cm3 of solutions A-G were dictated into separate, labelled exam tubes apply separate measuring syringes.An equal volume (2cm3) of Benedict? s solution was then added to the solutions in the test tubes. The tubes were then gently shake and placed in a water bath until any possible change in food colouring was noticed. Observation Inference/Explanation A- changed from a transparent dingy colour to regal. B- changed from a blasphemous colour to a yellow orangeness col our from the surface shopping mall began turning green then entire solution turned bright orange in colour. C- turned from blue to a dark blue/purple. D- no reaction E- no reaction F- changed from a bluish colour to a yellow orange colour from the surface middle began turning greenthen entire solution turned bright orange in colour. G- no reaction.Benedict? s solution contains strapper sulphate. Reducing Sugars reduce soluble blue copper sulphate, containing copper (II) ions (Cu2+) to insoluble red-brown copper oxide containing copper (I). The latter is seen as a precipitate. Therefore, solutions containing reducing sugars were B and F. Those not containing reducing sugars were A, C, D, E, and G. Test Method Observation Inference Nonreducing Sugars 2cm3 of solutions A-G were placed into separate, labelled test tubes using separate measuring syringes. 1cm3 of Hydrochloric (HCl) acid was then added to thesolution in the test tubes. The test tubes were placed into the water bath for one minute and were then neutralized with 2cm3 sodium hydrogencarbonate (NaHCO3). The Benedict? s test was then carried out (where an equal volume2cm3 -of Benedict? s solution was then added to the solutions in the test tubes. The tubes were then gently shaken and placed in a water bath until any possible change in colour was noticed. ).A- no reaction B- changed from a bluish colour to a yellow orange colour from the surface middle began turning green then entire solution turned bright orange in colour. C- no reaction D-changed from a bluish colourto a yellow orange colour from the surface middle began turning green then entire solution turned bright orange in colour. E- no reaction F-changed from a bluish colour to a yellow orange colour from the surface middle began turning green then entire solution turned bright orange in colour. G changed from a bluish/ purple colour to a yellow orange colour from the surface middle began turning green then entire solution turned bright orange in colour.A disaccharide can be hydrolyzed to its monosaccharide constituents by boiling with dilute hydrochloric acid. Sucrose, for example, is hydrolyzed to glucoseand fructose, both of which are reducing sugars (and would give the reducing sugar result with the Benedict? s test) 2cm3 of solutions A-G were placed into separate, labelled test tubes using separate measuring syringes. An equal volume (2cm3) of sodium hydroxide solution were added to the solutions in the test tubes and mixed. Approximately dickens drops of Copper Sulphate solution was added and mixed. Observations were recorded. A- changed from a colourless solution to a purple/lilac colour. B- no reactio C-changed from a colourless solution to a purple/lilac colour. D- no reaction E- no reaction, but solution E floated above the added

Policing the Internet

Chapter 6 Debate 1. Are governments ever justified in regulating what their citizens brush off access? The Internet was created in the late 1960s so that U. S. Department of Defense researchers could share information with unrivaled another and with other researchers. The scientists and academics who created the internet concisely saw the power of the new technology Wires linking computer terminals together in a web of networks allow people anywhere in the world to transcend over the computer.Even though it was developed by the government, the Internet is not government run. The Internet Society, a volunteer organization, addresses usage and standards issues. The term NEA was created by Authors Doc Searls and David Weinberger which is an acronym that stands for No one owns it, Everyone can use it, and Anyone can improve it. Therefor it is not in any governments power to regulate what can and cannot be viewed on the internet. It cannot be owned by any government or corporation bec ause the internet in itself is classified as an agreement, not a thing.It is a communication source where the whole world can stay connected. Countries such as China and Egypt, as well as many other countries in Asia and Europe, continued to have their rights taken away by their government and are blocked from pass on news sites that would keep them up to date on world news. Although there are people who would use the internet as a tool to illegal means, censoring the internet for all citizens is not going to prevent a determined person from saying what needs to be said.It only makes it illegal to do so. Governments that regulate and restrict informational websites end up devising themselves look even worse than if they were to just let their citizens have free roam of the world wide web. 2. Should anyone be responsible for policing the internet? No one should be responsible for policing the internet because it simply was not designed to be so. It would take as many people as ther e are online all second of the day to keep up with the amount of updates and constant uploading.Even now the government tries to police pirating of movies and music but it simply cant be done. There will always be people who can beat the system, override it, hack into it, do whatever means necessary to get what they need and do what they want online. Work Cited Bradsher, Keith. China Toughens Its Restrictions on Use of the Internet. Nytimes. com. New York times, 28 Dec. 2012. Web. 27 Mar. 2013. Searls, Doc, and David Weinberger. What the Internet Is and How to Stop Mistaking It for Something Else. N. p. , 2003. Web. 27 Mar. 2013.

Genetic Testing at Burlington

Genetic Testing at Burlington Northern People wake up ever soyday, get ready for day, and start glum to work. At work we never think about dying or getting hurt. So we do non worry enough , and we believe that our oeuvre is safe. But unfortunately there were some fatalities, while people at work, this fatalities and accidents argon still going on. Companies must care about their workers safety and withstand their environment without any danger. For this reason companies should care about ethical values.In October 2000, Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railroads medical department requested a blood test from Gary Avary, in purpose of a DNA test without his permission. Accidentaly he realized that, but Burlington Northern said him that if would not accept this request, he would fired. They tried to cheat their workers and pretend some irrelevant test about their Carpel tunnel surgery which is against ADA. At the end of this case BSNF settled the suit by agreeing to halt genetic scru tiny and to pay 36 employees $2. 2 million.Because except this fake for workers, it as some mistakes against workers in work environment. First of all Kantian ethics respet to person, and we never ever should not forget that our workers are human beings like us. You should always snow respect their existence, health and safety. Secondly, BSNF lied about their health conditions. They said reason is snub of 17th chromosome, but there is not any truth like this, so BSNF playing gamble on one persons life. For utilitarian theory, if you get profit, it does not matter what is going on outside.But after his illegal situations , BSNF charged great amount money to pay their workers, first of all it is a huge loss. only they put question marks on their workers mind. The more question marks on heads , the less utility. As i said first, we always want to beliee that we are in safe in our workplace, otherwise we cannot provide any benefit to our company. As a result BSNF gave totally wrong de cisions, and they paid it hard. There is no any ethical dilemma for them. They must keep their environment safe not only for their workers, but also for their benefit.

Situational Leadership

Leadership is as much a function of the situation in which the participants find themselves as it is of the characteristic of a leader. (Discuss) The characteristics of a leader be most classical however, one needs to take into consideration that diametrical situations call for different types of leadinghip. Previous look into by Luccier & Achua (2010) states that different situations need different types of leading. Therefore, leadership, presidential termal culture, situational leadership, personality and other traits need to be defined.Furthermore, an exploration of the impact of situations in relation to the characteristics of a leader and/or their leadership title shall be discussed, as will argue how this impacts upon the organisation and its leadership. A discussion of what abilities should be displayed by a leader in different situations, especially in education will ensue. Evidence suggests (Palmer 2011) that leadership careens its meaning, revealing different jud gements as well as different viewpoints. It is the influencing process of leaders and followers to achieve organisational objectives through with(predicate) change (Luccier & Achua 2010, p6. Daft (2005) eminentlights that there is a connection between leaders and followers, and the goals they wish to attain. In other words, leadership affects power or take for, and it takes place amongst volume, and those people wanting critical change (Richard & Andrew, (2009). in a higher place all, leadership is well-nigh motivating confidence and support who are required to realise the objectives of the organisation (Palmer 2011 Dubrin, 2004, p. 3) A fare of writers have defined traits as distinguishing personal characteristics of a leader for event honesty, appearance, intelligence and self-confidence. Luccier & Achua 2010 p 33 Palmer 2011 Samson &Draft 2003) Personality is the mixture (combination) of traits in regards to specific behaviour. In other words, personality is character, and it affects our decisions. (Palmer 2011 Luccier & Achua, 2004, p. 29)Organisation culture relates to a collection of, standards, and understandings overlap by members of an organisation, including new members. (Richard & Andrew 2009) In addition, it is viewed as a shared mental model or social glue that processs an organisation together. (Luccier &Achua 2010 p. 70) The staff at a school, led by a Principal should possess such a model. Situational leadership is a theory identified by Harsey & Blanchard (1969) that purports that effective leaders are those that reflect greater change in their leadership look in respect to projection orientation and directive orientation in support of individual followers abilities and requirements. Fuchs (2007 p. 15) It is also based on the thought that leadership moves between business followers according to the needs of an individual class at a specific time. Sousa 2003) Ministers of Education, Principals and Education Department heads should all acquire this theory, so that they can instigate arrogant development and/or change in their respective organisations. Leadership style is the mixture or combination of personalities, abilities and behaviours leaders use as they relate with followers. (Luccier & Achua 2010) Observations of followers can suggest the favoured approach or forms of behaviour used by different leaders. (Fuchs (2007) Thus, a school leader would need to know their staff reasonably well to be able to do so.Organisational success is non only influenced by leadership, but, also by the organisations vision, cultural mission and support from the public. However, many specialists argue that strong leadership is very important to organisational needs (Richard & Andrew 2009). Above all, effective leaders are ethos or beliefs makers (Luccier & Achua 2010). According to Palmer (2011) leadership is the skill to encourage, impact and inspire staff to achieve excellent work, and states that motivation is measure d as a dominant pecker for employers improvement.It also helps leaders to realise the types of people in their organisation and inspire them to get involved in developing and improving the organisation. A practical example of this is illustrated in the USA study which indicated that about 77 percent of workers or employees were not satisfied at work, mainly because they felt they were not motivated by their leader (Luccier & Achua, 2010. ). New employees need to be motivated by their leader, which in turn leads to greater job satisfaction and a greater likelihood of organisational involvement.A Principal should make professional development school wide and appropriate to the school, it students and educational context. Effective leaders are responsible for direction and support of every(prenominal) worker, and also assist with conflict resolution. They also have to be outstanding speakers to be able to communicate well so that they can pass on information to staff and also to peop le outside the organisation (Palmer 2011 Richard & Andrew 2009). In a school, the Principal/Deputy Principal would need to deal with such conflicts, do sure that they are imparcial and fair, free from bias.Leaders serve as role models for employees and are key motivators. Staff members can model honesty, integrity, commitment and other value demonstrated by their leader. (Luccier & Achua, 2010 Palmer 2011) In addition, they are strategic developers which form the organisations vision in collaboration with staff and other stake holders. Above all, they are policy producers and decision makers for both staff and organisations (Cited in Palmer 2011 Dubrin, 2004). Decisions can either be right or wrong, and can lead to the success or failure of an organisation, unless guided by a learned, insightful leader.An effective leader should demonstrate values like accountability, transparency, professionalism, commitment, innovation and motivation. Above all, an effective leader should be vers atile to be able to cope with global change and new trends in management and leadership. Principals and others in educational leadership roles need to have with-it knowledge and be able to utilise it appropriately. Previous research (Luccier & Achua 2010 Palmer 2011) states that leadership efficiency is learnable. Not all leaders represent leadership hat has been learned. contrastive leadership styles are used under certain conditions according to Dubrin & Dalglish (2001) they draw attention to Malcolm Frasers experience. He changed his leadership style due to influences on his situation. For instance, Fraser as salad days Minister of Australia, he was exercising authority, whilst also acting as chairman of CARE Australia, his profile was low. For this reason, one can highlight that the situation has an impact on which leadership style is most effective.The impact can be influenced by both internal and external situations. Also, it whitethorn be negative or positive depending on h ow favourable or unfavourable the employees or leaders perceptions are (Richard & Andrew 2009). Fiedlers (1967 as cited in Richard & Andrew 2009) point out that leaders have essential features. In the same way he representes the accident theory as a session of behavioural concepts based on the commandment that there is no one preferred way of leading, and that a similar leadership style does not work in all circumstances.This theory is classifying a managers leadership style as task motivated and relationship motivated. Fiedler (1967) used the least preferred co-worker (LPC) scale to measure the percentage point of leadership style. Fiedlers theory highlights that situations can be placed into three categories, namely high, low and suss out. Fiedler also used the leader come across concept to match leaders to situations. For instance, Fiedler points out that task motivated leaders do better in situations that are high, enabling them to concentrate on building and maintaining r elationships.In contrast, for moderate situations the relationship motivated is better, so is not as much of a focal point, as in low situations. Task motivated leaders may do well, but they may create a sense of misunderstanding, while relationship motivated leaders will seek consultations and support staff emotionally. The contingency theory is the most researched and advantageous, however, it had been established that it is very difficult to make sure that it has a good influence on most leaders. Furthermore, the total amount of control a eader exerts differs depending on the time and situation. It has been argued that from the situational characteristics, there is a negative connection between LPC score and group performance. Also, it is hard to make a summary about a leaders performance, when leaders are always adapting their leadership style according to changing situations they find themselves in. More research needs to be carried out on the contingency leadership so that it can be flexible and meet the desired outcomes of modern globalization tests and organisational requirements.The Situational Leadership model (SLM) was developed by Hersey and Blanchard (1996) as cited in Richard & Andrew (2009). It focuses on followers as beingness the significant component of the situation, and therefore, defines an actual leaders behaviour. Hersey & Blanchard (1996) highlighted the importance of appropriate leadership training, and melodic line the importance of leaders being adaptive in exact situations. In the case of school Principals, many have not received adequate training to be able to do a productive and credible job.However, experience, maturity and impartiality may be evident and are the reasons for a person being chosen for such a position. Hersey and Blanchard (1996) support the earlier theoretical assumptions from the Ohio State study which reveal that behaviour of a leader can be a combination of two points of view, such as having aspects of being democratic and autocratic. (Luccier & Achua 2010) The SLM is based on four groups which are a mixture of the two dimensions delegating, participating, selling and telling (Dubrin & Dalglish 2001, p157. This model focuses on the hardening of group members and states that there is no one best way to influence group members and the most effective leadership style depends on the level of the group members (Dubrin & Dalglish 2001 p. 156) In addition, employees differ in readiness levels. For instance, there are those that omit enthusiasm for a task due to a lack of appropriate training. These employees lack confidence in their abilities. To improve on this, a change of leadership style may be required. much(prenominal) employees are in contrast to those with high levels of task readiness.These employees, thanks to better training, are secure and confident employees who are able to make decisions and contributions to their organisations. Luccier & Achua, (2010) argued that leaders shou ld develop skills and task should be clearly say as evident in MacDonalds Corporation. The leaders in this organisation provide employees with ongoing training, thus constantly upgrading and improving their skills, so that they can be confident when performing tasks. If a teacher/staff member is not well trained in some aspect of their job, i. e. omputer based programs Principals ought to provide assenting to such training, without critical outcomes. The leader has the ability to guide the business to greater success and employee participation by developing better relationships within their organisation (Dubrin & Dalglish. 2001) Such a model would be a good one to be adopted by organisations, especially in Swaziland, where employees are low in their task readiness, due to numerous constraints. This is a situation beyond control and cannot be changed overnight, but, it is a possibility in the future.Therefore, the leadership style can be changed to guinea pig or meet different gro ups. For example, in a classroom situation, a student with impairment cannot change that situation, but a teacher can change teaching methods by differentiating their teaching in order to meet the individuals needs. This model has been demonstrated as being valuable as a foundation for leadership training. (Dubrin & Dalglish 2001) It has been established that before one decides on a leadership style, one has to assess the readiness level of the group members.It also provides leaders with precise guidelines, and not complicated rhetoric unlike the contingency theory. However, Vecchios (1987) research on 300 teachers and their principals, showed mixed results, advising that this model is only good for staff that are confident. More research should be carried out in different cultures and differing contexts so as to provide appropriate examples for differing settings, so as to get results that will be relevant to modern-day issues and global challenges. (Dubrin & Dalglish 2001)In conc lusion, the contingency and path goal theory focus on task, authority and nature of the subordinates while the cognitive resource theory illustrates that stress is vital to how leaders intelligence is related to group performances (Fieldler & Garcia1987 Vecchio 1990 Chemers1997 cited in Dubrin & Dalglish p. 163) Principals have a stressful role, therefore, many draw on such resources to be effective leaders. The SLM focuses on the everyday tasks and the effective applications of behaviours the leader employs. Dubrin & Dalglish 2001). The SLM is a more appropriate model, and has demonstrated its impact by addressing culturally diverse organisations, leadership speciality in the global context and by its correlating leadership styles and follower relationships. (Luccier & Achua, 2010). The writer believes that SLM is still the appropriate and relevant style for a leader, as it can bring change to a leaders behaviour as it is connected with relationships, which is more important to su bordinates for mutual understanding.On another note, culture is very important when leading people, all the situational models originated and were tested in the United States, which may not be appropriate or have the same impact compared to other cultures in Africa, Asia and Europe. Henson and Werner felt (1989) suggest that the culture of an organisation influences how subconscious and conscious decisions are made in it. (Lok & Crawford 2003) Finally, more research needs to be carried out, that will establish an effective leadership style chosen to be appropriate for diverse cultural organisations.

Kentucky Fried Chicken Essay

The report is mainly focusing on Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) high society and has been divided into three categories at the aim of identifying the leadership and direction issues in the guild and suggest appropriate solutions to it. The tool that will be used in the first phase is the SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis which is used to fountainhead out the strengths and weaknesses of the company and as well as to identifying the leadership and man epochment issues that exist within the organization.The second part of the report consists of the evaluation and rationalization of the management and leaderships issues identified in part 1 by using the McKinsey 7S Model to help to identify what types of changes that should be made and implemented in order to help the company to improve. In the last phase of the report, an overview of the company situation will be presented followed by suggested sets of recommendation and actions for KFC in order to overcom e the key issues identified.Company BackgroupKentucky Corporation (KFC), excessively known as Kentucky Fried Chicken, is a chain of abstain food restaurants based in Louisville, Kentucky, in the United States which was started in the 1930 by Colonel Harland Sanders as a small franchise operating room. Kentucky Fried Chicken is a very well-known restaurant in the world. It is rated at number 60 as the world well-nigh well-known brand by the BusinessWeek, while McDonald at number 9 and Nestle at number 23 (Badrishah, 2007).KFC remained the largest yellowed restaurant chain and ordinal largest fast-food chain. It held over 50 percent of U.S commercialize in verges of the sales number and ended the year 1995 with over 9,000 restaurants worldwide. By end of the 1995, KFC w are opened 234 new restaurants and is operated in 68 countries. In the year of 1997, the company has become a brand of YUM Brands Inc. which is the world largest fast food chain who also operates Taco Bell, Lo ng John Silver and Pizza Hut. Currently, the company owns and franchises more than 16,200 outlets in about 100countries and have employees of more than 24,000. KFC was the first fast-food chains to enter supranational mart and has now developed one of the worlds most recognizable brands.KFCs early entry into the fast food industry allowed the company to gain a strong brand name in the industry and dominate the chicken industry. KFCs nearest competitor capital of Massachusetts Market (formerly Boston Chicken) and Popeyes held market share of 12. 3 and 10. 2 percent respectively while KFC held a market share of 58 percent in the chicken segment (KFC. com, 2007). KFCs global success is credited to its quality management which is the Quality, Service and Cleanliness (QSC) program to review the quality of the service offered to the customers and to evaluate the company performance. other(a) than that, the understanding of the customers and satisfying their needs also contri scarcelyed to KFCs global success (Reynolds, 2001). Not only so, KFC also has also uses a special marketing tools to produce its product by means of combining PepsiCo product which is the beverage and the products of KFC itself, with these marketing idea, both company KFC and PepsiCo are both generating profits and it is an advantage for KFC since they no lifelong purchase beverages from out boldness company. KFC primarily sells chicken pieces, wraps, salads and sandwiches.While its primary focus is fried chicken, KFC also offers a line of grilled and roasted chicken products, side dishes such as mashed potato, sweet corn, coleslaw and desserts. KFC also uses the localization system while designing the scorecard in KFC as a way to aline to the local taste and culture by also offering beef based products such as hamburgers or kebabs, pork based products such as ribs and other regional fare. On the other hand, judging by the current market growth in China, KFC have absorbed the Chinese cult ural elements into its westerly management style, hence forming an inter-cultural management mode.Chinas rapid economic development has opened its door for the fast-food industry and enable KFC to use localization strategy to let Chinese to have the chance to experience western lifestyle with traditional Chinese cultural embedded in it (China Daily, 2004). At present, there are more than 1,000 restaurants in China and they are now increasing at the rate of average 200 stores per year. In 2010, Yum Brand, the parent company of KFC Corporation expects 36% of their global $2 billion operating profits from 3700 restaurants in China.The success of KFC in China has lead Yum Brand Inc to be the most successful unconnected company in China with 40% market share outstripping competitors like McDonalds (Turner, 2011). Such management mode by KFC has proved that the company has the flexibility to hold to different cultural and environmental changes. SWOP Analysis SWOT is a tool for auditing the strategies and the environment of an organization for decision making. And it can be classified as Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats. (Pahl & Richter, 2007)Strengths KFC is recognize as the second largest fast food chains in the world, the first which universe took by its main competitor, McDonalds * Holding over half of the market shares in the fast food industry. * Occupied the china market, KFC defeat McDonald and become the largest fast food chain in China market which contain 1. 3 billion population. * It have been globally recognized and experienced and having strong market in Mexico, Middle East and Asia such as China, Japan, Korea, Thailand and Malaysia. * Earn huge tax income from the franchises and licensing fees. The most major strength of the company is their Brand Equity.* Its secret recipe allowed KFC to set itself apart in the industry and maintained supremacy in the fast food market. * Every year, the profits of the company increases. * KFC have a quality management which called Quality, Service and Cleanliness (QSC) program use to judge the quality of its service offered to the customers and to billhook the company performance. Weaknesses * Least focus about their product research and development, they more concerned about their branches expending. Inconsistent quality of go in many outlets by few of its franchises had damaging the brand name and company reputation.* Inflexibility of prices makes it unaffordable to middle class mess. * Imbalanced entrance of the franchises to different markets at one time oddly too concern the Chinese market has extremely decreased its global growth rate. Opportunities * Besides expanded its target market focus to family and friends of all age brackets, KFC also targeting and tempting the young customer which age between 18 to 24 years old. Dependability of the chicken meat used as the people are s get byd of infections from eating beef globally.* Focus in Chinese market which known as the worlds faster growing market. * change magnitude and effective services specially home delivery and drive though services * Induction of new products other than chicken including fish and vegetable in most of its menu in reality the whole menu is balanced and healthy which aim to attract the customers considerably. * Position itself strongly in the global markets, with a vision of increasing market value and market share.Threats * Customer began to demand more healthy and fresh food but KFC was faced with a bound menu and majority consist of fried foods * Faced by slowed sales growth in the fast-food industry, other segments of the industry have turned to new menu offerings, as they have very few products other than their selection Fried chicken. * Customer shift to other brand that offering the same products which in lower rates on the prices. * Less economical deals are being offered compare to its biggest competitor McDonalds who offer more cost-effective products.KFCs Key Challenges KFC Corporation, being one of the largest fast-food chains in the world usually will have challenges that the company will have to overcome in order to retain their market share and reputations. But however, KFC restaurants around the world have various complaints regarding its services provided. It has been reported in United States that a customer was offended by the sort in which she was served. Customers complained that the employees were rude, lazy and negligent to her family and other customers.In the eye of management, a good services will help for t he long term customer relationships. But however, KFC in USA failed to realize the importance of it as employees were not given a proper training regarding good customer services (Eisenback et. al, 2008). According to some of the staff in KFC, there is a lack of communication between the marketing department and the operation of KFC. Marketing department whitethorn not give accurate enlarge on the new promotions and new products to the KFC operation nor clearly explain to them about the campaign.This lead to many problems for the operation squad as they may be confused about the promotion or coupon and hence might not be able to explain the details to customers with enquiries. In addition, it could affect the efficiency and effectiveness of operation as crewmembers may not be familiar with the new marketing strategies and may not be able to sell the products as the corporate wanted them to be (Lan & Mahmood, 1995). Additionally, KFC in China has also been reported that some KFC restaurants have failed to change their frying anoint for four days and also failed to provide fresh soybean milk for customers.The restaurants has been caught for changing the dates for replacing the oil for the purpose of passing examination by zone inspectors from the company, and whats more, the employees also ignore and changed the time on unsold items to make customers believe that they were eating freshly prepa red products. The condition of kitchen is also reported to be very unclean and the employees did not follow the food safety regulation such as wearing caps when preparing foods. (China Times, 2009). Despite of the corporate rules on standard operation and regulations, employees at KFC often ignore them.Such incident in KFC would destroy the companys brand reputation although KFC Corporation claimed that they did provide training booklets which implicate questions on cross-contamination of food, but because of the lack of supervision, the employees would act whatever they want and ignoring the rules set by the management. The mission of KFC is people be the first, customers be the focus (Yum Restaurant International, 2003) but however, it is found that KFC did not take proactive approach on listening to customers and employees.There is no systematic customer survey for its products and services. It relies on the branch managers and humankind relation officers to get the customers o pinion. Although the website of KFC has a customer service comment box for customers to send suggestion, but KFC ignore those customers who are not computer savvy. Many customers were complain that customer did not have access to a customer service number and those who were able to reach customer service often received no response.The failure of KFC to deliver efficient service proved that the management does not show concern to their customers and did not make any improvement to take care of the customers complaints and thought. Customers are viewed as an important asset of a company and therefore any complaints or opinions from them should be valued by the company (Eisenback et. al, 2008) Other than that, even though KFC has adequate human resources but they are lacking the capabilities.Its mother ompany, PepsiCo, makes wrong decision in its corporate level strategy. They pore and tightens the control over existing KFC managers and such actions causes the drop of the employee mor ale. In addition, PepsiCo also limits the rights and powers of the franchisees right and power and intents to compete and acquire the franchisees units. Such incident has caused a remainder which last for 7 years until 1966. This also make the company performance to drop and drive down KFCs market shares (Chu, 2003).

Ten Alpina Tools

Giulia seems to be excite about the opportunity to own her own stage business doing something that she loves. on that point is a high level of hesitation here in whether or not Giulia would make a profitable business. It seems that there is room for advantage in the current operations since all 6 workers were cross trained and they were currently only restless for about one weeks worth of labor time per month. Giulia does have an MBA and may be able to actualize ways to use the resources more efficiently and keep production cost down. Giulia will need to employ her strategic thinking to determine how to balance the resources on hand to make this situation work. If she can invite the units for $11.70 or higher, she may be able to maintain the business but she will need to stick down the production costs to sustain profits. If any equipment needs repairs or the building needs renovations, those costs are not going to be covered under her current pricing plan. Also, if produc tion increases, versatile costs may also increase so it will be important for Giulia to pay besotted attention to this.After reading the case we identified the following risks1) Graduate School/ MBA The case takes place as Giulia is returning from summer break after her first year. Given the intense work load of an MBA course of study and the workload requirements of a startup/expansion, we have to question if she can do both effectively. Quantitative psychoanalysis LOW. This is more of a time and lifestyle come to.2) Loss of the single customer study Anytime a business is relying on a single customer its a risk. Giulia is using the cash extend from this customer to support the new venture. There is not a strong history here for her to believe on and lack of data increases risk. In addition she also is highly at risk should her customer go out of business or find another supplier she would be hard press to meet her monthly burn rate.In fact there is no evidence in the case that her business could survive without that contract. Quantitative Analysis HIGH.. The key issue here is that the business is running on very thin margins and the cash flow from this customer is critical for Giulia to cover her fixed and variable costs. There is no evidence that she has cash reserves or any access to investors.3) Employee/Operations issues Giulia has no get wind in this industry and we have no evidence that she has ever managed people or managed a manufacturing process. imputable to her thin margins any interruption in production would be devastating. Quality is a huge continue here and although her team is cross trained on all the equipment its reasonable to assume that there will be employee turnover.She will need to replace them and we dont know what they training rhythm method of birth control is and how it will impactproduction and quality. Qualitative Analysis HIGH Production ties directly to the ability to finish the contract. This contract is key to her cash flow and the margins are small. Giulia needs to determine the new employee training motorbike and factor that into production and cash flow projections.4) Increased Costs If Giulia experiences an increase in production or fixed costs she is in a very risky situation. Her margins are thin and we have no evidence of cash reserves. Qualitative Analysis HIGH.. Any increase to costs cuts into margins. Giulia is not in a position to handle such increases.5) Re negotiation or delays on the single contract The single customer could ask for a lower price point, lower volume or drive to renegotiate payment terms. Qualitative Analysis HIGH.. As we have seen a key concern in this case are the margins. Any decrease in price or payment roll will have a direct impact on Giulias ability to cover her costs